THE AGEING SKIN – ::A BROAD VIEW::

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info BY: MALVI PATEL UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: DR. ABHA DOSHI THE AGEING SKIN –::A BROAD VIEW::

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info WHAT IS AGEING? • Ageing is the process of growing old.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info THE ANATOMY OF SKIN

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Cells of Epidermis

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Cells of Dermis

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF DERMIS

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info AGEING SKIN

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Telomere Theory of Ageing

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For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Photo-ageing • Ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun cause skin damage and accelerate ageing of the skin. • Two mechanisms by which UV rays act are: • Mechanism 1 (Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinases) • Mechanism II (Mitochondrial Damage) • DNA damage • Production of ROS

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Smoking • Smokers look older than non-smokers of the same age. • Tobacco smoke induces Matrix metalloproteinases.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Lifestyle • Lifestyle of a person can also contribute to ageing. • Factors such as: • Lack of sleep • Intake of alcohol • Improper diet • Stress Can have ill effects on the skin and accelerate ageing.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN AGED SKIN

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE ELDERLY • SUNSCREENS • MOISTURIZERS • ANTIOXIDANTS • FILLERS • CHEMICAL PEELS • BOTULINUM TOXIN (BOTOX) • ESTROGENS • PLASTIC SURGERY • MAKE-UP

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Approx Rs 100 to 150 SUNSCREENS • Most of the damage during ageing is due to the harmful UV radiations  blocking these rays are the primary step to prevent skin ageing. • We will take a closer look at • HOW SUNSCREENS ACT? • TYPES OF SUNSCREENS

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info How Sunscreens Act? = SUNSCREEN SUBSTANCE

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Common Examples of Sunscreen agents NOTE – It has even been observed that use of sunscreens helps in reversing the effects of ageing. Hence incorporation of sunscreens into your daily skin care regimen is of primary importance.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info An example of a sunscreen formulation A sunscreen formulation in a vanishing cream base

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Approx: Rs 100 + MOISTURIZERS In old age, it is observed that there is a dryness and dehydration of skin. Moisturizers help the skin retain the moisture and this helps to make the skin soft and supple.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info An example of a skin moisturizer

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info ANTIOXIDANTS X

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Approx Rs 1700 to 2000/ crease FILLERS • Substitutes for lost dermal components.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info List of dermal fillers

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Injection site of dermal fillers Zyderm I Zyderm II (mid dermis) Zyplast (deep dermis)

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Around 400 to 1000+ depending on depth CHEMICAL PEELS • Treatment to improve skin condition using a chemical solution which would cause the old skin to blister and eventually peel off exposing new smoother skin.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Types of chemical solutions • Alphahydroxy acids (AHAs) – eg. • Glycolic acid and • lactic acid. • Betahydroxy acids (BHAs) – eg. • Salicylic acid • Jessner’s Peel – • combo of resorcinol, salicylic acid and lactic acid. • Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) • Phenol peels

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Classification of chemical peels

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Procedure to apply chemical peels

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Approx Rs 1700 – 2000/ crease BOTULINUM TOXIN (BOTOX)

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info ESTROGENS • Estrogen and its derivatives can be given • Orally • Topically • Newer Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) can also be used for its specific action on skin.

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Rs 20,000 + PLASTIC SURGERY • The word ‘plastikos’ means to mold or to shape. • Many surgical techniques to enhance skin appearance exist. • Of which the most common used are:

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info Price Varies MAKE-UP

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info CONCLUSION “Youth has no age” Pablo Picasso

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info REFERENCES Journal Articles • Skin ageing and its treatment, L Baumann* Journal of Pathology J Pathol 2007; 211: 241–251 • Elderly skin and its rejuvenation: products and procedures for the aging skin, Marcia Ramos-e-Silva et. al., Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 6, 40–50 • Dermal filler agents: a practical review, Sukhjit S. Johl and Richard A. Burgett, Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 2006, 17:471–479 • Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of selective estrogen receptor modulators. S Verdier-Sévrain Climacteric; Aug 2007; 10, 4; Health Module pg. 289 • Facial skin rejuvenation, David E. E. Holck and John D. Ng, Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 2003, 14:246–252 • Nutritional and Botanical Approaches to Antiaging, Chris D. Meletis, N.D., with NieskeZabriskie, N.D. ALTERNATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES—DECEMBER 2006, 268-274. Textbooks : • Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Gerard J Tortora, Chapter 5– The Integumentary System (pg 139 – 145) • Harryscosmeticology, J. D. Wilkinson and R. J. Moore, Longman Singapore publishers te ltd. Pg 222 - 258(sunscreens and suntan oils) • Cosmetics Formulation Manufacturing and Quality Control, P P Sharma, Vandana Publications pvt. Ltd. Pg 195 – 198, 183 – 185. Web References: • Wikipedia: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomere, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin) • E- Medicine ( Chemical Peels by Raymond T Kuwahara - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin )

For more presentations and information visit http://www.pharmaxchange.info THANK YOU

THE AGEING SKIN – ::A BROAD VIEW::