Paying to Die: Tobacco It’s Your Choice!

1. Paying to Die: TobaccoIt’s Your Choice! Health Education

2. What are some things that people get addicted to???

3. ADDICTION

4. How it all starts • Addiction usually starts when a person does something he or she thinks will bring pleasure or help avoid pain. • He or she becomes increasingly dependenton the behavior. • As tolerance develops-the person needs more of the desired behavior to feel the same effect.

5. And then……. • Any substance OR activity that becomes the focus of a person’s life at the expense of other needs and interests can be damaging to their health.

6. Psychological & Physiological Dependence 1. Psychological dependence (mind)- a condition in which a person believes that a substance is needed in order to feel good or to function normally. 2. Physiological dependence (body)- a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the substance. The nerve cells have adapted so well to the drug that they require the drug to function normally. 3. Addiction can be psychological or physiological. 4. Withdrawal - may occur when a person stops using a drug they are dependent on .

7. Think Quick! Most people know that using tobacco is harmful. Why do you think some people continue to use tobacco products?

8. The Surgeon General States that: “Tobacco use, particularly smoking, is the number one cause of preventable disease and death in the United States.” ~Richard H. Carmona, M.D., M.P.H., FACS — U.S. Surgeon General

9. Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death. • Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year. • Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including an estimated 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure.1 • This is about one in five deaths annually, or 1,300 deaths every day.1 • On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.3 ~American Lung Association, Adolescent Smoking Statistics, February, 2010

10. Amazing statistics!!! • Each year, smoking kills more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires . . . combined! • Each day, more than 3,200 persons younger than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette. • How long does it take 1 cigarette butt to decompose??? Approximately 15 years – don’t litter!

11. What’s in a Cigarette? • With each puff of a cigarette you experience: • Nicotine- addictive drug found in tobacco • Stimulant • Speeds up the Central Nervous system • Increases heart rate • Raises blood pressure • Nicotine is associated with Heart Disease and Stroke

12. Nicotine In its’ pure form, it is one of the most addictive drugs known to man and is extremely habit forming • After nicotine enters the lungs, it is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream and within 8 seconds reaches the brain

13. What’s in a cigarette? • Has anyone ever tried smoking a cigarette??? • First time users have no tolerance to nicotine and will experience a racing heart, sweating, nausea, and dizziness

14. Nicotine Eventually smokers will build up a tolerance to nicotine and their bodies will become physically dependent on it. When smokers attempt to quit they will experience: • Headaches 2. Irritability 3. Restlessness 4. Feelings of illness

15. With each puff of a cigarette you experience: Carbon Monoxide- colorless, odorless, poisonous gas When carbon monoxide is inhaled, it attaches itself to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. This prevents oxygen from joining up with the hemoglobin which causes shortness of breath What’s in a Cigarette?

16. What’s in a cigarette? Carbon Monoxide increased risk for High Blood Pressure, Heart Disease and Arteriosclerosis Anoxia – decreases oxygen level in the body

17. With each puff of a cigarette you experience: Tar: a thick, sticky dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Tar enters respiratory system causing problems Upper Respiratory System (Trachea) Destroys cilia Cilia - Tiny hair like projections that move mucus and debris out of respiratory system What’s in a Cigarette?

18. What’s in a cigarette? TAR • Lower Respiratory System (Lungs and Alveoli) • Tar binds to lung tissue keeping it from moving normally • Tar binds to alveoli blocking exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide • Tar also contains carcinogens (cancer causing products) that are linked to cancer of the mouth, lung and throat.

19. Black carbon deposits

20. What’s in a cigarette? 4. Carcinogens • cancer causing agents • In addition to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide and Tar, tobacco contains around 45 carcinogens.

21. Acetone – found in nail polish remover • Acetic Acid –  an ingredient in hair dye • Ammonia – a common household cleaner • Arsenic – used in rat poison • Benzene – found in rubber cement • Butane – used in lighter fluid • Cadmium – active component in battery acid • Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes • Formaldehyde – embalming fluid • Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid • Lead – used in batteries • Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls • Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel • Nicotine – used as insecticide • Tar – material for paving roads • Toluene - used to manufacture paint

22. Pipe and Cigar Tobacco • Just like cigarettes, pipes and cigars cause problems. • Cigars contain more nicotine and produce more tar and CO than cigarettes. • Increased risk of Lip, Mouth and Throat cancers 1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes (Nicotine)

23. Chewing Tobacco Tobacco that is cut into strips and chewed or stored in mouth Contains nicotine Absorbed through mucous membranes in mouth Contains 28 carcinogens 2-3x as much nicotine/carcinogens are absorbed due to storing in mouth Leukoplakia - pre-cancer white spots inside the mouth Snuff Tobacco that is ground up into fine grits and is snorted though the nose Contains nicotine Absorbed through mucous membranes in nose Contains 28 carcinogens Smokeless Tobacco

24. Long-Term Effect of Tobacco Use 1. Cardiovascular disease – is a disease of the heart and blood vessels. • The chemicals in tobacco force the heart to work harder to deliver oxygen to the body. Therefore, the smoker is at a higher risk of the following:

25. Long-term effects (1)High blood pressure (2)Heart attack – a smoker is three times more likely to suffer from a heart attack than a non-smoker (3)A heart attack is 5 to 10 times more likely to kill a smoker than a nonsmoker

26. Long term effects 2. Respiratory disease So just what is “smoker’s cough”??? As tar destroys cilia, dust particles and mucus accumulate in the air passages, causing the smoker to cough to try to clean out the air passages.

27. Long Term effects When coughing can no longer keep the air passages clear, the smoker eventually develops: a. Chronic Bronchitis – the bronchial tubes are swollen and clogged with mucus. People with this disease have a hard time filling their lungs with air. There is no cure for this disease

28. Long term effects b. Emphysema –is a breathing disorder in which the alveoli (small sacs in the lungs) lose their elasticity • Air sacs in your body resemble tiny balloons that no amount of puffing will fill those sacs up when one has emphysema • A person with this disease cannot rid this body of carbon monoxide • Damage done to the lungs from emphysema cannot be reversed or improved.

29. Long term effects 3. Cancer – tobacco use is a major factor in developing certain cancers • Lung cancer – one of the most deadly form of cancer. 87% of deaths related to lung cancer are related to smoking.

30. Cancer • Oral cancers – cancer of the mouth, lips, throat, and tongue

31. Top picture - severe cancer of the larynx, which has surfaced on his neck and spread to his lymph glands. • Most laryngeal cancers begin near the vocal cords, causing hoarseness or other changes in the voice.

32. Leukoplakia – small painless sores in the mouth can be a first indicator of possible mouth cancer

33. fetus_passive_smoking.jpg Tobacco use and pregnancy Chemicals can pass directly from the mother to the fetus which can result in: • Increased heart rate • Low birth weight • Slow mental development • Miscarriages or still births • Nursing mothers can pass nicotine to the infant from breast milk

34. Secondhand smoke: Aka: Passive smoking • It is a mixture of 2 forms of smoke that come from burning tobacco: side-stream smoke (smoke that comes from the end of a lit cigarette, pipe, or cigar) and mainstream smoke (smoke that is exhaled by a smoker). • Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke are called involuntary or passive smokers. Non-smokers who breathe in secondhand smoke take in nicotine and other toxic chemicals just like smokers do. • There is twice as much tar and nicotine in side stream smoke as in mainstream smoke • Side-stream smoke contains three times as much CO as mainstream smoke

35. Dangers‑of‑Secondhand‑Smoke.jpg Each year passive smoking contributes to 150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in babies and triggers 8,000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma in previously unaffected children

36. What is secondhand smoke? Secondhand smoke:Passive smoking • Asthma and other allergies are often made worse in the presence of tobacco smoke. • Long-term exposure to other people’s smoke increases your risk of heart disease and lung cancer.

37. Smoking and the Body • Tobacco products can cause damage to many body systems. • www.whyquit.com • All pictures were taken from the Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco • http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/sgranimation/welcome.html

38. Hairy Tongue & Cataracts

39. Stroke • Clot in the brain (Kills brain tissue)

40. Long term effects Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema Healthy lungs

41. Coronary Heart Disease

42. Loss of taste & smell An odor molecule binds to cilia in the back of your nose, which causes you to perceive a smell. Smoking can affect the shape of taste buds and also affect vascularization, or the formation of blood vessels. Nicotine may cause functional and morphological alterations of taste buds Smoking is an important factor which can lead to decreased taste sensitivity.

43. Atherosclerosis

44. Tobacco Affects All Areas of Tobacco Affects All Areas of Life • Mental Health: impairs ability to concentrate and relax. • Family and Social Health: Smoke can hurt others that are in the room – respiratory problems • People may not want to hang out (Smell) • Growth & Development: Women who smoke have LBW babies. • Nutrition: Impairs your sense of taste. • Exercise and Fitness: Decreased Cardiovascular endurance.

45. Drugs: Produces physical and psychological dependence. • Disease and Disorders: Increased risk of heart and lung disease. • Personal Health: Teeth and fingers turn yellow, breath smells, face wrinkles, etc. • Safety and First Aid: Major cause of home fires (smoking in bed) • Environmental Health: Major source of indoor pollution. • Legally Implications: Selling to or buying tobacco under 18 is illegal • Financial Implications: Very costly

46. 1,316 people die every day in the united states due to tobacco related illnesses!

47. Cost of Smoking • On average, the price of tobacco products is as follows: • $ 6.50 pack of cigarettes • $ 3.75 can of chewing tobacco • How much money would you spend in 1 month if you smoked/chewed 1 pack a day. • 1 Year • 10 years • 25 years ($______) $$$$$ ( ) ($ ) (_______)

48. The “TRUE” Cost of Smoking • Every time you smoke a cigarette, you are paying with your life. 1 Cigarette= 11 minutes of life 1 Pack of Cigarettes = 3 hours 40 minutes 1 Carton of Cigarettes = 1.5 days

49. Within 20 minutes of last cig: Blood pressure and pulse rate return to normal Body temp. of hands and feet increase to normal 8 hours: Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal Oxygen level in blood increases to normal 1 day: Chance of heart attack decreases 2 days: Ability to smell and taste improves 3 days: Bronchial tubes relax & Lung capacity increases CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING

50. CHANGES IN A SMOKER’S BODY AFTER QUITTING 2 weeks to 3 months: • Circulation improves • Walking becomes easier • Lung function increases up to 30% 1 - 9 months: • Coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, shortness of breath decrease • Cilia re-grow, increasing ability to handle mucus, thus reducing risk of infection • Body’s overall energy level increases