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Data Presentation

Data Presentation. A guide to good tables. Marianne W. Zawitz. Bureau of Justice Statistics. to present 10 or fewer data points to find exact numeric values to make localized comparisons. Use tables, when you need -. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Tables have an architecture.

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Data Presentation

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  1. Data Presentation A guide to good tables Marianne W. Zawitz Bureau of Justice Statistics

  2. to present 10 or fewer data points • to find exact numeric values • to make localized comparisons Use tables, when you need - Bureau of Justice Statistics

  3. Tables have an architecture • Use the structure of the table to reinforce its purpose • Take advantage of how we learned to do math Bureau of Justice Statistics

  4. 327 483 123 42 7 18 327 483 123 42 7 18 Bureau of Justice Statistics

  5. XXXX XXX XX X Bureau of Justice Statistics

  6. Types of tables - • Exploratory tables • Resource tables • Presentation tables Bureau of Justice Statistics

  7. Example of an exploratory table 12 and 13-14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 under 1979 6.7 122 236 326.4 404 472.1 425 400.9 403.9 1980 6.7 126.3 251 319.4 400.8 457.5 429.9 399.6 407.4 1981 7.2 138.4 262.5 339.7 406 460.9 450.5 407 410.9 1982 6.8 128.5 266.6 336.9 420.9 471.6 465.8 443.5 432.1 1983 7.5 130.8 245.5 316.3 393.4 433.2 413.4 393.6 399.8 1984 7.4 141.2 267.1 336.5 414.8 468.7 433.6 392.4 410 1985 8.2 165.6 302.9 374.6 444.3 501.2 469.5 418.9 415 1986 7.2 166.9 297.3 388.7 476.4 560.5 508.9 484.3 468.6 1987 7.2 163.5 295.8 368.8 458.4 548.3 516.1 469.8 474 1988 9.3 180.1 343.9 435.5 541.2 634.8 558.5 509.9 497.1 1989 9.5 206.5 391.8 531.7 640.2 704.8 638 541.9 543.2 1990 8.9 221.2 416.7 553.9 661.8 756.3 632.3 546.5 521.4 1991 12.7 280.6 518.4 669.7 775.1 886.6 725.2 601.9 591.4 1992 13.9 316.5 559 724.1 802.9 920.1 777.6 651.5 610.8 Bureau of Justice Statistics

  8. Resource table Number of Full-time Full-time State agencies employees sworn officers All States 18,769 921,978 663,535 Alabama 432 14,389 9,767 Alaska 69 1,884 1,254 Arizona 130 16,828 10,088 Arkansas 360 7,958 5,819 California 524 103,967 69,134 Colorado 247 14,002 9,896 Connecticut 129 10,319 8,525 Delaware 45 2,134 1,660 District of Columbia 3 4,651 3,909 Florida 385 60,808 37,395 Bureau of Justice Statistics

  9. Presentation table Homicides of children under age 5 Relationshipwith child Percent of perpetrators Father 32% Acquaintance 30 Mother 28 Other family 6 Stranger 4 Bureau of Justice Statistics

  10. Show the data • Reduce nondata ink • Avoid puzzles • Create a logical visual pattern • Use the same standards for verbal elements we use in graphics Tables should -- Bureau of Justice Statistics

  11. Excess lines and marks make the data hard to see State Full-time employees Full-time sworn officers Number of agencies All States ................... 18,769 921,978 663,535 Alabama .................... 432 14,389 9,767 Alaska ........................ 69 1,884 1,254 Arizona ...................... 130 16,828 10,088 Arkansas ................... 360 7,958 5,819 California ................... 524 103,967 69,134 Colorado .................... 247 14,002 9,896 Connecticut ............... 129 10,319 8,525 Delaware .................... 45 2,134 1,660 District of Columbia . 3 4,651 3,909 Florida ....................... 385 60,808 37,395 Bureau of Justice Statistics

  12. Order the content according to how the data will be used • Presentation tables use rank order or another hierarchy-- Look to the numbers to carry out the ordering • Resource tables use alphabetical or reference order Bureau of Justice Statistics

  13. make patterns and exceptions obvious at a glance • place numbers that are to be compared close to one another (in a column is best) • place summary data where it will be most useful Structure the table to -- Bureau of Justice Statistics

  14. Avoid tables with many empty cells Number Number Number State admitted executed removed All States -- -- -- Alabama -- -- -- Alaska -- -- -- Arizona -- -- -- Arkansas -- -- -- California -- -- -- Colorado -- -- -- Connecticut -- -- -- Delaware -- -- -- District of Columbia -- -- -- Florida -- -- -- Bureau of Justice Statistics -- see page 27.

  15. have consistent labeling from table to table • indent the labels to show subdivisions (nesting) • create patterns with a line or half line skip every fifth entry in long lists Rows should -- Bureau of Justice Statistics

  16. contain the same unit of measure • have labels that clearly identify what is measured (both numerator and denominator for rates) • avoid repetitious categories by spacing and grouping Columns should -- Bureau of Justice Statistics

  17. Make all verbal tasks easy to understand • Do not use abbreviations • Avoid acronyms • Write all labels left to right • Use proper grammar Bureau of Justice Statistics

  18. Notation should -- • be placed in the row labels and column headers if possible (otherwise they interfere with our ability to see the data) • not be numeric characters so they are not confused with the numbers Bureau of Justice Statistics

  19. briefly describe the data presented • highlight the difference between this table and others in the first words • be long enough to inform but short enough not to bore Table titles should -- Bureau of Justice Statistics

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