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Making Proteins Ch. 4 Section 3

Making Proteins Ch. 4 Section 3. build cells and tissues work as enzymes (make reactions happen quicker) made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm codes are carried from nucleus to ribosomes via RNA. 1. Proteins. made in nucleus in a DNA pattern (looks like DNA with the rungs sawed in half)

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Making Proteins Ch. 4 Section 3

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  1. Making Proteins Ch. 4 Section 3

  2. build cells and tissues • work as enzymes (make reactions happen quicker) • made on ribosomes in the cytoplasm • codes are carried from nucleus to ribosomes via RNA 1. Proteins

  3. made in nucleus in a DNA pattern (looks like DNA with the rungs sawed in half) • has bases AUCG- U for uracil instead of thymine • DNA is made of deoxyribose sugars. RNA is made of ribose sugars for sugar phosphate backbone. • used to make proteins!!!! 2. RNA

  4. 3. 3 types of RNA: messenger RNA- mRNA ribosomal RNA- rRNA transfer RNA- tRNA

  5. mRNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm ribosomes (made of rRNA) attach to mRNA tRNA brings amino acids to mRNA 3 nitrogen bases (AUG) on mRNA pair with 3 nitrogen basses (UAC) on tRNA temporarily step 4 repeats on another tRNA amino acids on tRNA attach which begins protein formation 4. Steps to protein production: Draw the steps in your notebook!

  6. 5. mRNA - holds the code and directs the order of amino acid bonding 6. rRNA - holds the location for the protein making process 7. tRNA - brings amino acids to the rRNA

  7. 8. If every cell has the same chromosomes and the same genes, why do they not make the same proteins? • each cell has a specific job • muscle cells only use the DNA and RNA to operate muscles • all other DNA and RNA is “shut off” in that cell.

  8. 9. mutations - mistakes that cause a permanent change in DNA 10. 3 types of mutations insertion (extra chromosome) deletion (missing chromosome) substitution (exchange base ex. A instead of G)

  9. 11. Results of mutations • changed traits • variety in species • death • adaptations (extra chemicals produced to repel predators)

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