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Mastering Commas: Essential Punctuation Rules

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deborahv
11 diapositives · 179 Views · Nov 01, 2019

Learn the eight basic comma rules for punctuating sentences correctly to enhance clarity and coherence in your writing. Improve your comma usage with clear examples and explanations to elevate your communication skills.

#mastering commas: essential punctuation rules #mastering commas: essential punctuation rules ppt #powerpoint #presentation
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Mastering Commas: Essential Punctuation Rules
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  1. Eight Basic Comma Rules Punctuating Sentences Correctly by

  2. Definition • A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause is needed in a sentence. • Commas help to clarify meaning for the reader. Punctuation Saves Lives!

  3. Items in a Series • Place commas in a sentence to divide items in a list—separate items in a series. • An “item” may refer to a noun, verb, adjective, or phrase. • Incorrect: • I need to buy eggs milk lettuce and bread. • Correct: • I need to buy eggs, milk, lettuce, and bread.

  4. Compound Sentences • Use a comma to separate independent clauses (complete sentences) when they are joined by a coordinating conjunction: and, or, for, nor so, but, yet • Incorrect: • I want to buy that jacket but it is too expensive. • Correct: • I want to buy that jacket, but it is too expensive.

  5. Complex Sentences • Use a comma to separate a dependent clause (phrase) from an independent clause (complete sentence). • Incorrect: • Without water the plant will die. • Correct: • Without water, the plant will die.

  6. Interrupting Elements • Use a comma to separate a word or phrase from the rest of the sentence that is not essential to the sentence meaning. • Incorrect: • My mother on the other hand does not like chocolate. • Correct: • My mother, on the other hand, does not like chocolate. • Notice that if you remove the phrase “on the other hand,” the remaining words form a complete sentence!

  7. Direct Quotation • Use a comma to separate a quotation from the rest of a sentence. • Incorrect: • “We need to buy more sugar” he said “before it runs out!” • Correct: • “We need to buy more sugar,” he said, “before it runs out!” • Incorrect: • We need to buy more sugar he said. • Correct: • “We need to buy more sugar,” he said.”

  8. Introductory Elements • Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence. • Incorrect: • Hi how are you? • Correct: • Hi, how are you?

  9. Separating City and State • Use a comma to separate the name of a city from a state and/or country. • Incorrect: • I live in San Diego California USA. • Correct: • I live in San Diego, California, USA.

  10. Dates • Use a comma to separate the day of the week, the day of the month, and the year. • Incorrect: • Today is Monday November 15 2012. • Correct: • Today is Monday, November 15, 2012.