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Lake area (km 2 )

Area versus Frequency of Lakes and Ponds (Downing et al. 2006). Lake frequency (per 10 6 km 2 ). Lake area (km 2 ). Ecosystem responses to climate change that involve challenges of scale (Examples). Plant species migration* # invasive species* selective logging* coral bleaching*

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Lake area (km 2 )

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  1. Area versus Frequency of Lakes and Ponds(Downing et al. 2006) Lake frequency (per 106 km2) Lake area (km2)

  2. Ecosystem responses to climate change that involve challenges of scale (Examples) • Plant species migration* # • invasive species* • selective logging* • coral bleaching* • coastal eutrophication* # • expansion of tropical gyres* • algal bloom dynamics #* • algal bloom dynamics in response to sea ice retraction # • pollutant plumes and responses • Vegetation phenology # • Phenology and Foodweb dynamics # • Greatest challenge: * Spatial #temporal

  3. NASA Research and issues of Scale Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) • Strengths: • Excellent multi-scale data capture (e.g., MODIS, MISR, Seawifs, Landsat, EO-1, AVIRIS). • Ton of existing data and validation opportunities. • Weaknesses: • Relating measurements and processes across scales still represents a huge challenge. • Wealth of data, but insufficient people-hours to fully analyze them. • Still difficult to pull together multiple-scale data sources for a single analysis.

  4. Opportunities: • Investing in people to conduct multi-scale analyses represents a huge opportunity, given the already paid costs of instruments and data acquisition. • Aircraft have multiple-scale capabilities that can compliment satellites • Treatment of “Scaling” as a fundamental science issue can lead to significant breakthroughs in understanding impacts. • Threats • Continued underutilization of existing investments • Lack of data continuity for detecting longer-term impacts from global change.

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