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Understanding Communicable Diseases: Terminology, Pathogens, and Control Measures

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15 diapositives · 329 Views · Oct 15, 2014

This presentation by Mr. Dudley Freeman, Director of Staff Development at Oklahoma City Community College, focuses on key concepts related to communicable diseases. Attendees will learn about essential terminology such as antibodies, antibiotics, and the immune system. It covers various pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and their health impacts. Control measures such as personal hygiene, protective equipment, and preventive practices are emphasized to reduce infection risk. A comprehensive overview of symptoms and specific diseases like tuberculosis and hepatitis is also included.

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  1. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Presenter Mr. Dudley Freeman Director of Staff Development OKLAHOMA CITY COMMUNITY COLLEGE AS, BS, MS, & OSHA Certified Trainer

  2. Helpful Terminology • Antibodies: infection fighting proteins produced by white blood cells that fight bacterial infections. • Antibiotics: medicines that help fight bacterial infections. • Immune system: body system for fighting infections.

  3. Helpful Terminology • Immunization (vaccination): specific substance containing weakened or killed pathogens given to build resistance to A given infection. • Infection: condition caused by pathogenic material in the body. • Exposure: coming into contact with A pathogenic material.

  4. Pathogens • What are they? • What can they do to you?

  5. Types Of Pathogens • Virus: A parasitic microscopic protein material (DNA or RNA) covered by an envelope of lipoprotein. Nonliving. • Bacteria: one-celled living organism. • Fungi: single and multi-celled plants. • Yeast: one celled , oval shaped fungus. • Mold: A growth of fungi.

  6. How Pathogens Enter The Body • Alimentary canal (airborne). • Parenteral openings (direct and indirect). • Vector transmission (bites and scratches from insects, animals, etc.). • Through mucous membranes. In mouth, nose, and eyes (direct and indirect). • By sexual contact (direct).

  7. Illnesses They Cause • Virus: measles, colds, mumps, influenza, polio, hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, & G, meningitis, herpes, and others. • Bacteria: food poisoning, Strep, tetanus, scarlet fever, hepatitis, whooping cough, malaria, tuberculosis, diphtheria, meningitis, etc. • Yeasts & molds: athlete’s foot, ringworm, yeast infections, meningitis & others.

  8. Conditions For Illness • A pathogen must be present. • Must be enough of it to overcome immune system. • The victim must be susceptible to the pathogen. • The pathogen must pass through the correct portal of entry.

  9. Pathogen Control • Personal protective equipment. • Good preventive practices. • Engineering controls. • Administrative processes. • Healthy lifestyle.

  10. Pathogen Control • Personal hygiene (proper hand washing is best deterrent to infectious diseases). • Heating for one minute at or above 180º F. Will kill. • A 1:10 solution of household bleach and water is A good and inexpensive disinfectant.

  11. Symptoms Of Viruses • Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss; • Colon ulcers & inflammation; • Lung disease, anemia increase; • Jaundice; Liver problems; • Fever, acne, and joint pain.

  12. Symptoms Of Viruses • Diseases caused may be acute or chronic. • Most are very contagious. • No medicinal treatment or cure for viral diseases. • Must treat the symptoms, not the disease.

  13. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, & G Viruses • Causes liver (and other) infections. • Forms cannot be identified without testing. • Acquired primarily through: • Fecal-oral route (A). • Human blood contact or other body fluids (B). • Human blood (C).

  14. Tuberculosis • Bacterial infection of respiratory system. • Bacteria usually airborne. • Transmitted by airborne mist droplets or particles. • Infectious, but treatable. • Cough usually chronic. May or may not be productive.

  15. Tuberculosis Symptoms • Fatigue, listlessness, malaise. • Fever and night sweats . • Weight loss. • Victim usually quarantined. • Very treatable, but must follow regimen.