1. Sound and Music Pages 8-10

2. Music • Sound organized in time • Needed: time frame, sound waves, ability to perceive sound • Improvisation- making up melody as you go along

3. Physics of Musical Sounds • Sound waves • Amplitude=volume(how loud or soft) • Frequency=pitch(how high or low) • Pitched and non-pitched

4. Instruments • Ethnomusicologists-study music of other cultures • Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostelcategorized instruments into four groups

5. Categories • Chordophones • One or more strings • Plucked, bowed, struck • Vibrating strings produce sounds • Aerophones • Brass and wind instruments • Vibrating columns of air

6. Categories (cont.) • Membranophones • Skin/membrane stretched across frame • Membrane vibrates • Drum • Idiophones • Body of instrument vibrates • Bells, woodblocks, xylophones • Electrophones

7. Instrument Families • Strings- Chordophones • Violins, violas, cello, double bass • Brass-Aerophones • Trumpet, French Horn, Trombone, Tuba • Woodwind-Aerophones • Flute, Oboe, Clarinet, Saxophone, Bassoon

8. Instrument Families (cont.) • Percussion- membranophones and idiophones • Snare drum, timpani, xylophone, cymbals • Keyboard- varies • Piano, harpsichord, organ

9. Electronic Instruments • Began to appear first decades of 20th century • Theremin • Electronic and radio technology during war was repurposed for the arts after the war.