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Unit II Cell Energy and Communication

Unit II Cell Energy and Communication. Learning Goal 4 Understand how growth and dynamic homeostasis of a biological system are influenced by changes in the system’s environment.

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Unit II Cell Energy and Communication

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  1. Unit IICell Energy and Communication Learning Goal 4 Understand how growth and dynamic homeostasis of a biological system are influenced by changes in the system’s environment.

  2. All biological systems from cells and organisms to populations, communities and ecosystems are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions involving exchange of matter and free energy.

  3. Cell activities are affected by interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.

  4. Cell Density

  5. Biofilms

  6. Temperature

  7. Water Availability

  8. Sunlight http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHe7y8cy-7Y&feature=player_detailpage

  9. B. Organism activities are affected by interactions with biotic and abiotic factors. Symbiosis Mutualism

  10. Commensalism Parasitism

  11. Predator-prey relationships

  12. Water and nutrient availability, temperature, salinity, and pH

  13. C. The stability of populations, communities and ecosystems is affected by interactions with biotic and abiotic factors. Water and nutrient availability

  14. Availability of nesting materials and sites http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PS_YT9U5MKU&feature=player_detailpage

  15. Food chains and Food webs

  16. Species diversity

  17. Population Density http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=9_9SutNmfFk

  18. Algal blooms Eutrophication

  19. II. Homeostatic mechanisms reflect both common ancestry and divergence due to adaptation in different environments. A. Continuity of homeostatic mechanisms reflects common ancestry, while changes may occur in response to different environmental conditions.

  20. B. Organisms have various mechanisms for obtaining nutrients and eliminating wastes. Gas exchange in aquatic and terrestrial plants

  21. Digestive mechanisms in Animals Food Vacuoles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ojrkxmD6tT8&feature=player_detailpage Gastrovascular Cavities One-way Digestive Systems

  22. Respiratory Systems Aquatic Animals Terrestrial Animals

  23. Nitrogenous Waste Production and Elimination

  24. C. Homeostatic control systems in species of microbes, plants and animals support common ancestry. Excretory Systems

  25. Osmoregulation

  26. Circulatory Systems Open Closed

  27. Thermoregulation Aquatic Animals Terrestrial Animals

  28. III. Biological systems are affected by disruptions to their dynamic homeostasis. A. Disruptions at the molecular and cellular levels affect the health of the organism.

  29. Physiological Responses to Toxic Substances • Botulism • Tetanus • Cyanide

  30. Dehydration

  31. B. Disruptions to ecosystems impact the dynamic homeostasis of balance of an ecosystem. Invasive and/or Irruptive Species

  32. Human Impact Habitat Destruction Invasive Species

  33. Natural Disasters Hurricanes Floods Earthquakes Volcanoes Fires

  34. Water Limitation and Salination

  35. IV. Plants and animals have a variety of chemical defenses against infections that affect dynamic homeostasis. A. Plants, invertebrates and vertebrates have multiple, nonspecific immune responses. 1. Invertebrate immune systems have a nonspecific response mechanism, but they lack pathogen-specific defense responses.

  36. 2. Plant defenses against pathogens include molecular recognition systems with systemic responses; infection triggers chemical responses that destroy infected and adjacent cells, thus localizing the effects.

  37. 3. Vertebrate immune systems have nonspecific defense mechanisms against pathogens.

  38. B. Mammals use specific immune responses triggered by natural or artificial agents that disrupt dynamic homeostasis. 1. The mammalian immune system includes two types of specific responses: cell mediated and humoral.

  39. 2. In the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, “target” intracellular pathogens when antigens are displayed on the outside of the cells.

  40. 3. In the humoral response, B cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, produce antibodies against specific antigens.

  41. 4. Antigens are recognized by antibodies to the antigen.

  42. 5. Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells, and each antibody is specific to a particular antigen.

  43. 6. A second exposure to an antigen results in a more rapid and enhanced immune response.

  44. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVMIZy-Y3f8&feature=player_detailpagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVMIZy-Y3f8&feature=player_detailpage • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=cSkS_uhSHOg

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