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Digestion

Lifetime Nutrition and Wellness TEKS: 2ABC. Digestion. http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html. Digestion. Before your body can use the nutrients in the food you eat, it must go through digestion. Then nutrients must go through absorption.

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Digestion

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  1. Lifetime Nutrition and Wellness TEKS: 2ABC Digestion http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/_bfs_DSmoviesource.html

  2. Digestion • Before your body can use the nutrients in the food you eat, it must go through digestion. • Then nutrients must go through absorption. • Digestion-the bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use • Absorption-the process of taking in nutrients and making them part of the body

  3. The Digestive Tract • The digestive or gastrointestinal tract is a tube about 30 feet long. • It extends from the mouth to the anus. • Contains the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine • They work together to both mechanically and chemically help the body use food.

  4. The Digestion Process • The body breaks down complex molecules from the food into simple, soluble materials. • They pass through the digestive tract into the blood and lymph systems. • Vitamins and minerals undergo very little chemical change during digestion. • Fats, proteins, and carbs undergo many changes.

  5. The Mechanical Phase • Begins in the mouth, the teeth chew the food and break it down into small pieces • Contractions of the muscular walls of the digestive tract carry on the mechanical action. The contractions mix food particles and break them into smaller pieces • Waves of contractions knows as peristalsis, the muscles push food through the digestive tract • Emotions can slow down or speed up the process

  6. The Chemical Phase • Begins in the mouth • As you chew, food is mixed with saliva. (mucus and enzyme containing liquid) • It moistens food particles, helping them move down the esophagus into the stomach. • Saliva also begins to break down starches.

  7. The Chemical Phase • In the stomach, gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and several enzymes are secreted. • These juices break down the food more. • Ordinary meal usually leaves the stomach in about 2 to 3 hours • Carbs leave the stomach first, proteins second, fats last • You will feel hungry sooner after a meal high in carbs

  8. Chemical continued… • Then the semi-liquid food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine • Intestinal juices, pancreatic juices, and bile act on the food • Digestive enzymes help break down the carbs, proteins, and fats into simple substances the body can absorb and use. • Once digestion is complete absorption can take place.

  9. Large Intestines • Indigestible residues, bile pigments, other wastes, and water travel from the small intestine to the large intestine. • The large intestine acts as a reservoir, or storage area. • Eventually the body will excrete these materials.

  10. Absorption Process • The body can absorb water, ethyl alcohol and simple sugars directly from the stomach. • They pass through the stomach walls into the bloodstream. • However, most absorption takes place in the small intestines.

  11. Absorption Process • Millions of hair like fingers called villi line the small intestines. • The villi increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine by more than 600%. • Each villus contains a lymph vessel surrounded by a network of capillaries. • Nutrients absorbed by the capillaries pass into the portal vein and travel directly to the liver.

  12. Metabolism • The chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients • Enzymes cause nearly all metabolic reactions. • The body uses nutrients to replace substances used for growth and to carry out body processes.

  13. Metabolism • The body breaks down some nutrients into simpler substances to release energy. • The body uses part of this energy to carry out metabolic reactions. • It converts the rest into heat. • The body converts all carbs into glucose for use as an energy source. • If they are not needed for immediate energy, they can be converted to glycogen or in the body as fat tissue.

  14. Metabolism • During fat metabolism, fatty acid chains are shortened. The body uses most fat for fuel. • The body can use amino acids from protein metabolism for cell maintenance or cell growth. • It can also use amino acids to make enzymes, antibodies, nonessential amino acids, and as an energy source.

  15. http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/digestive.htmlhttp://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/digestive.html • http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX43417c4d68676e7352667b&t=Digestive-System

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