1. MATERIALS FOR CLEAN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES ARUMUGAM MANTHIRAM Electrochemical Energy Laboratory www.me.utexas.edu/~manthiram E-mail: rmanth@mail.utexas.edu

2. Fuel Cell Battery Supercapacitor Storage Device Portable, transportation, & stationary Storage Device Portable & transportation e- Conversion Device Portable, transportation, & stationary e- Load e- e- Electrode Electrode H2 Air H+ conductor 2e- 2e- Anode Cathode + Charge 1/2O2 o o Heat H2 2H+ Li+ H2O Discharge + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + H2O Anode Cathode Li+ Electrolyte Electrolyte Electrolyte ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES • Alternative Energy Technologies • Solar, wind, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors • Fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors: Only viable option for automobiles (~ 30%) • Batteries: Critical for storing and efficiently utilizing solar and wind energies • Chemical energy directly into electrical energy – clean energy technologies • Challenges: high cost, safety, durability, & operability problems

3. CURRENT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES • Lithium Ion Batteries • - Low cost, high energy, high power materials (portable, vehicle, stationary) • Proton Exchange Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells • - Low cost membranes and nanostructured alloy catalysts • Solid Oxide Fuel Cells • - Low thermal expansion, high efficiency electrode materials • Supercapacitors • - Low cost, high energy electrode materials • Solar Cells • - Efficient, low-cost, air-stable polymer solar cells • Common Theme:Design,novelchemical synthesis, advanced • characterization, prototype device fabrication, fundamental understanding • of structure-property-performance relationships • -Nanomaterials: metal alloys, oxides, carbon, and nanocomposites

4. HIGH ENERGY CATHODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES LiMn2O4 LiMn1.8Li0.1Ni0.1O3.8F0.2 LiMn1.8Li0.1Ni0.1O4 Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13]O2 / Nano Al2O3 Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13]O2 LiCoO2

5. NANO-ENGINEERED ANODES FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES Fe3O4/C nanowire Sb-MOx-C (M = Al, Ti, Mo) nanocomposite anodes Fe3O4nanowire Carbon anode Tin anode

6. LOW-COST CATALYSTS & MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELLS Low methanol permeable membranes Low-cost Pd alloy catalysts Low-TEC SOFC catalysts Basic polymer (PSf-ABIm) Acidic polymer (SPEEK) Acid-base blend • Narrow channel, low methanol crossover • Vehicle + hopping conduction mechanisms • Low cost, compatible industrial polymers Nafion

7. Variation of (a) Voc (b) Jsc (c) FF, and (d) efficiency during continuous illumination in argon Illuminated J-V characteristics of P3HT-PCBM blend solar cells HYBRID ORGANIC-INORGANIC SOLAR CELLS Interfacial prototype TiO2-P3HT hybrid solar cell B. Reeja-Jayan and A. Manthiram, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells94, 907 (2010) • Significantly reduces the solar cell cost • Cu electrodes enhance the durability in air