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Ultrasonic Position Tracking System

Ultrasonic Position Tracking System. Dave Sekowski Farhan Ismail Tunji Yusuf. Introduction. Design Objective System measures the position of an object in space in three dimensions Allows accurate tracking of ultrasonic equipped object Utilizes several reception units Design

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Ultrasonic Position Tracking System

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  1. Ultrasonic Position Tracking System Dave Sekowski Farhan Ismail Tunji Yusuf

  2. Introduction • Design Objective • System measures the position of an object in space in three dimensions • Allows accurate tracking of ultrasonic equipped object • Utilizes several reception units • Design • Uses reverse concept of GPS • System consists of a transmitter, several receiver units and a base station • Base station actively manages transmitter • Base station later stores time values as RF signals arrive from reception unit • Counter values can later be used in trilaturation scheme to determine transmitter location versus receivers

  3. Features • Portability • Multiple Applications • Expandable

  4. Applications • Sports Related Usage • Motion Sensor and Capture • Firefighters • Miners

  5. Original Design • Clock synchronized across PICs in each unit • Counter values referenced to unified clock • RF transmission includes data for receiver management • Mobile units using custom power supplies • Bluetooth output to PC for post processing

  6. System Overview • Hardware • Can be broken down into three main component • Base Station Unit • Transmission Unit • Reception Unit • Software • VHDL codes for FPGA

  7. Base Station Overview • FPGA • Responsible for control of the entire system • RF Linx Transmitter • Initiates Transmission Unit • RF Linx Receiver • Input signals from Reception Units

  8. Base Station FPGA Board • Programmed in VHDL • Replaces PIC in system • Outputs logic high to RF transmitter for a window of time (~200ns) • Starts internal counter • Waits for signal from RF receiver

  9. Base Station RF Transmitter • Waits for signal from the FPGA • Once received, transmits a modulated high from the base to the transmission unit

  10. Base Station RF Receiver • A modulated signal from reception module RF transmitter is received here • Converted to digital output for FPGA in receiver • Once received the FPGA is instructed to stop its counter and load value into a register

  11. Base Station

  12. Transmission Unit Overview • RF Linx Receiver • Receives start signal from base station • FPGA • Responsible for control of the unit • Relay • Holds required voltage and frequency back • Ultrasonic Transmitter • Emits ultrasonic burst when prompted by FPGA

  13. Transmission Unit RF Receiver • Listens for modulated high from the base station • Once received, a high is sent to the transmission unit FPGA

  14. Transmission Unit FPGA Board • Programmed in VHDL • Replaces PIC in system • Once signal is received from RF, the FPGA outputs a high to the relay

  15. Transmission Unit Relay • Passes 20 Vpp AC 40 kHz square wave to the ultrasonic transmitter

  16. Transmission Unit Ultrasonic Transmitter • The human hearing range ends at 23kHz • The ultrasonic transmitter emits a burst of sound pulse at 40kHz • Sound travels at 340.29m/s in air enabling us to resolve distances

  17. Transmission Unit

  18. Reception Unit Design • Ultrasonic Receiver • Takes initial output from transmission unit • High Pass Filter • Used to attenuate any low frequencies • Amplifier • Signal is amplified • Comparator • Changes analog signal to a near-digital square wave • RF Linx Transmitter • Output sent to base station

  19. Reception Unit Ultrasonic Receiver • Ultrasonic transmitter sends out high voltage, 40 kHz square wave signal • Distance attenuates the signal amplitude • Ultrasonic receiver receives a low voltage, 40 kHz sine wave signal

  20. Reception Unit High Pass Filter • Constructed using 0.1uF capacitors and 10k resistors • Acts as voltage divider • The impedance of the capacitor goes up as frequency goes down thus attenuating low frequencies

  21. Reception Unit Amplifier/Comparator • Because of the low voltage signal amplification circuit is needed • Gain ~ 905x • Amplified signal ran thru comparator • Comparator performs analog to digital conversion • RF transmitter outputs signal from comparator to the base station

  22. Reception Unit

  23. Software Overview • FPGA coded in VHDL

  24. Transmission Unit State Machine

  25. Base Station State Machine

  26. Test/Measurements • Oscilloscope reading of signal when relay is off • 20 Vpp 40 KHz

  27. Test/Measurements • Oscilloscope reading at output of relay • (note: distortion)

  28. Test/Measurements • Oscilloscope reading of signal at ultrasonic receiver

  29. Test/Measurements • Output of high pass filter

  30. Test/Measurements • Output of Amplifier

  31. Test/Measurements • Output of the Comparator

  32. Test/Measurements • Output to the antenna from RF transmitter

  33. Test/Measurements • Input of RF receiver at Base Station

  34. Test/Measurements • Output of RF receiver • (note: trigger set at 3.175V)

  35. Test/Measurements • Table of distance between the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver vs the voltage read at the receiver side

  36. Test/Measurements • Table of Ultrasonic transmitter and receiver tilt angle vs voltage read at the receiver

  37. Obstacles • Programming/Using the PICs for each of our units • Having multiple receivers operating at different frequencies • Overcoming ambient noise from the environment • Finding a proper timing cycle that allowed our device to be as accurate as possible

  38. Recommendations • Machine shop RF transmitters and receivers • Custom mount ultrasonic and RF antennas • Increased importance on filtration system

  39. Future Plans • Incorporating multiple receivers • Sending Data on same frequency • Use multi-channel RF system • Setup data processing interface • Hyper terminal to PC for external post processing • Onboard trilateral calculation with custom LCD display • Interchange transmitter and receiver operation • Customize power supplies for mobility

  40. Credits • Professor Jon Makela: for keeping it real • Purvesh Thakker: for patiently waiting in lab dejected and alone during weekly reviews… • The many caffeinated beverage we consumed – Red Bull gives you wings • The standup comedy that kept us up those long nights – that IS how we do business • Jake “ECE 385 monster” Foster: VHDL guru

  41. Thank You • Any Questions?

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