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Cell Structure

Cell Structure. Functions of Cells. What are cells?. Cell : the basic unit of _______ and _______ of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure

  2. Functions of Cells

  3. What are cells? • Cell: the basic unit of _______ and _______ of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive. • Your body is made up of ___________ cells which carry out the processes needed for life

  4. Main Cell Components • ______________(chromosomes) • Contain the substance that has the instructions for cell activity (________) • ___________ fills the interior of cell – Liquid • Contains organelles, sugars, amino acids • ________________ encloses the cell – It is like the cell's skin

  5. Animal Cell

  6. Plant Cell

  7. Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs) • Cytoplasm • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Golgi Bodies • Vacuoles

  8. Cytoplasm • Gel-like ____________ which holds all the cell ______________ together • Made mostly of ___________ • The place where many _________________ occur

  9. Cell Membrane • The flexible _____________ “skin” of the cell • ______________ the cell and holds its components together • It also allows the movement of __________ molecules into and out of the cell (water, oxygen but not ______) - "__________"

  10. Nucleus – The Brain • Controls all cell activities • Contains the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on ________________ • DNA – ___________________ • Usually one nucleus per cell, some cells have several nuclei (________) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) • __________ in shape

  11. Chromosomes • DNA of eukaryotes is divided into ________ chromosomes. • Contains all the _________ needed for life (________) • Humans have ______ = 46 total, half from the mother and half from the father

  12. Mitochondria • "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses _______ to provide cells with _________ (Cellular Respiration) • Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy • Cells that use a lot of energy have more (_______ cells); fat cells have one or two • Structure- ______ and _______ membranes

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of __________________ which transport cellular substances through the cell • Important in several types of cell (brain-________; muscles – _______________)

  14. Golgi Bodies • Collect and _______ materials to be removed from the cell • Create and secrete _________ which is used as lining for the __________ and _________

  15. Vacuoles • _________ vacuoles are found in ________ while ________ have _________ vacuoles • Contain unwanted substances for ________ • Important in maintaining _______________ (Plants)

  16. Plant Cells ONLY! • ________________ • _______________ • ______________

  17. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than _______________ • Contain ___________ which gives plants their green colour; also allows them to _________ which is used to produce ________ in the process of ____________

  18. Photosynthesis • Process that takes place in the Chloroplasts of ____________________ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

  19. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • In ____cells, photosynthesis produces _________ (sugar) • The sugar is then used within the _____________ (cellular respiration) of both ________ and _________ • How do the animals obtain the glucose?

  20. Vacuole • _____ cells usually have one ____ vacuole • Maintains the cells pressure  keeps the ________ and ________ firm • Can be used for _________ of wastes to be removed

  21. Cell Wall • It is found _______ the cell __________ in plant cells • Hard structure made of _____________ (polysaccharide-a type of carbohydrates) • Provides _________ and __________

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