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Eukaryotic Microorganisms -- Text Chapters 7 & 8 In which Eukaryotic Kingdoms do microbes occur? Protista algae p

Eukaryotic Microorganisms -- Text Chapters 7 & 8 In which Eukaryotic Kingdoms do microbes occur? Protista algae protozoa slime molds Fungi Animalia (Plantae) What about viruses?. What was the origin of eukaryotes? -- “Endosymbiosis” Evidence -- chromosomes -- ribosomes

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Eukaryotic Microorganisms -- Text Chapters 7 & 8 In which Eukaryotic Kingdoms do microbes occur? Protista algae p

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  1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms -- Text Chapters 7 & 8 In which Eukaryotic Kingdoms do microbes occur? Protista algae protozoa slime molds Fungi Animalia (Plantae) What about viruses?

  2. What was the origin of eukaryotes? -- “Endosymbiosis” Evidence -- chromosomes -- ribosomes -- replication -- modern examples Protista

  3. Protista 1: Protozoa Cell structure pellicle cytosome contractile vacuole complex cytoplasm Feeding behavior heterotrophic Most are motile Contractile vacuole Protista

  4. Classification of Protozoa Flagellates - Mastigophora Ciliates - Ciliophora Amoeba - Sarcodina Sporozoans - Apicomplexa Protozoa movement Protista

  5. Amoeba Amoebas Most common – indefinite form Extend ‘pseudopeds’ A few are pathogenic e.g., Entamoeba sp Some form outer “shell” e.g., Foraminifera Can be ‘huge’ (mm’s) Fossil markers Amoeba feeding Foraminiferan Protista

  6. Ciliates Largest group Cilia functions: Locomotion Feeding 2 nuclei Can be sessile (stalked) Stentor feeding Protista

  7. Flagellates Some are important pathogens Trypanosoma African sleeping sickness Chagas disease = trypanosomiasis Tse-tse fly Giardia giardiasis Protista

  8. Sporozoans -- many pathogens Malaria Plasmodium (a sporozoan) Visit CDC web site http://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/disease.htm Anopheles mosquito Complex life cycle sporozoites trophozoites merizoites Sexual reproduction Disease children adults Treatment Plasmodium Life cycle Protista

  9. Protista 2: Algae Basic characteristics autotrophic cell structure Cell arrangements unicellular filamentous colonial Protista

  10. Classification (simplified) Chlorophyta -- most familiar Chrysophyta -- includes Diatoms Pyrrophyta -- dinoflagelates -- “red tides” Euglenophyta -- includes euglena -- can be heterotrophic Marine macroscopic algae Protista

  11. Diatoms Chlorophyta Diatoms Diatomaceous earth Protista

  12. Importance of algae Producers of ecosystems -- phytoplankton -- macroscopic algae Symbiotic relationships -- invertebrates Food sources -- oriental cultures -- miso Food additives Protista

  13. Algae are sources of thickening agents Agar (Gelidium) Alginates (var. sources) Carrageenan (Chondrus crispus) In foods syrups, cheeses, ice cream, candies, jams, relishes, etc… Industrial applications paints, adhesives, paper coatings, explosives, ceramics, cleaners, etc… Pharmaceuticals lotions, creams, shampoos, toothpaste, laxatives, capsules and tablets, etc … Chondrus crispus Protista

  14. Fungi (Mycology) Text Chapter 8 Basic Characteristics Common Shapes Yeasts (spherical) e.g., Saccharomyces Molds (filamentous) hyphae mycelium Dimorphism is common Protista

  15. How do fungi reproduce? Asexual budding spores & sporangia Sexual ‘+’ and ‘-’ types mushrooms Budding yeasts Protista

  16. How are Fungi Classified? Characteristics of sexual reproduction structures Ascomycota -- e.g., Penicillium; morels Saccharomyces Basidiomycota -- e.g., Rusts; Coprinus Zygomycota -- e.g., Rhizopus Other phylla also … Glomeromycota etc. Protista

  17. Importance of Fungi Decomposers Symbiosis mycorrhizae lichens Predators?? nematophagus fungi! Food and food production Protista

  18. Entomophagus Fungi Cordyceps is important pathogen of insects Cordyceps Protista

  19. Fungi as Plant Pathogens Agricultural threats ‘Rust diseases’ Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma ulni Other Impacts on Humans Ergot poisoning Claviceps mycotoxins Irish potato famine Phytophthora infestans American Elms before and after Dutch elm blight (Minnesota Department of Agriculture) Protista

  20. In 1940s, Marietta had approximately 2000 American elm trees. How many remain in 2003? Protista

  21. Fungi as human pathogens “Mycoses” Cutaneous -- common tinea or “ringworm” tinea capitis tinea pedis tinea cruris Subcutaneous or systemic Cryptococcosis in lung Protista

  22. candidiasis Fungi pathogens, con’t. Trychophyton rubrum -- associated with many tineas Candida albicans -- vaginal infections -- AIDS Treatments -- challenging -- Ergosterol metabolism Wiki on antifungals: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifungal_drug Protista

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