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Tide Energy Technologies

Tide Energy Technologies. San Jose State University FX Rongère April 2009. Tidal Dams. Tidal Dam. The dam creates a difference of potential energy between the tide pond and the open sea. Δ z. Power Generation. For the chosen control volume, the system is in steady state, then:. . .

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Tide Energy Technologies

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  1. Tide EnergyTechnologies San Jose State University FX Rongère April 2009

  2. Tidal Dams

  3. Tidal Dam • The dam creates a difference of potential energy between the tide pond and the open sea Δz

  4. Power Generation For the chosen control volume, the system is in steady state, then:   • Incompressible fluid:

  5. Power Generation z1 z2

  6. Power Generation With: τ: tidal period η: Turbine conversion rate AT: Area of the turbine R : Range of the tide Apool: Area of the tidal pool

  7. Basin Management • To optimize power generation the flow gates are kept closed some time after high and low tides

  8. La Rance Tidal Power Plant • Tide mean range: 8.4m • Tide basin area: 22 km2 10 m 9 m 8 m 7m 6m 5m 4m 3m

  9. La Rance Tidal Power Plant • 24 Units of 10 MW each built between 1961 and 1967 • 700 m dam • 480 GWh/y • CF=23%

  10. The Severn Barrage (UK) • Capacity: 8,640 MW, 17 TWh, CF= 23%, Length=15.9 km

  11. The Severn Barrage (UK) • In the Bristol Channel • Range 8.2 m, Basin Area: 480 km2

  12. The Severn Barrage (UK) • Economics

  13. Current Turbines

  14. Power Curve • Similar to a wind turbine Source: Source: George Hagerman Tidal Stream Energy in the Bay of Fundy, Energy Research & Development Forum 2006 Antigonish, Nova Scotia 25 May 2006

  15. Generation prediction • Combining Power curves and current data, we can calculate the generated power

  16. Turbine main components • General concept is similar to wind turbines Gearbox • Increase rotational speed of shaft from turbine • 80-95% efficient Generator and Power Conditioning • Generate electricity • Condition electricity for grid interconnection • Turns at high RPM • 95-98% efficient Rotor • Extracts power from flow • Turns at low RPM 10-30 rpm • Conversion rate varies with flow velocity (45% max) Foundation • Secure turbine to seabed • Resist drag on support structure and thrust on rotor Source: Brian Polagye Tidal In-Stream Energy Overview March 6, 2007

  17. Turbines η is the conversion rate of the turbine, typically 25% to 35% • Marine Current Technologies 1 MW, 20m twin rotor prototype currently developed by Marine Current Technologies installed in Northern Ireland’s Strangford Lough (2008) 300 kW, 6 m prototype developed by Marine Current Technologies in operation in the Bristol Channel since 2003

  18. Strangford Lough project • Strangford Lough project Installed in April 2008

  19. Turbines • Verdant Power 35 kW, 5m Diameter turbine developed by Verdant. Prototype installed in New York at Roosevelt Island (2006 2008). Project of 175 kW

  20. Results • 7,000 hours of operation • Electricity generation • Rotor damage • No fish collision

  21. Turbines 2 MW, 21m 7 blade rotor prototype currently in development Gravity Foundation: concrete slab • Lunar Energy On the 11th March 2008 Lunar Energy signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Hyundai Samho Heavy Industries (HSHI) and Korean Midland Power (KOMIPO) to develop the 1MW RTT unit for deployment into Korean coastal waters Power augmentation by convergent-divergent ducting to increase conversion rate Promising since

  22. Turbines • Clean Current • Pile Mounted • 4 bladed, 14 m, 1 MW • A 65 kW prototype has been Tested at Race Rocks from Sep 2006 to May 2007 Race Rock is a marine reserve run by Lester B.Pearson College on Vancouver Island (Canada)

  23. Clean Current Turbine

  24. Turbines • Open Hydro Open Center Rotor Diameter 15 m rated at 1.5 MW Operating Conditions: Current speed > 0.7 m/s Prototype under test at European Marine Energy Center (UK) – Dec. 2006 April 2009: Contract with Snohomish County Public Utility District (SnoPUD), to develop a tidal energy project in the Admiralty Inlet region of the Puget Sound

  25. Turbines • Gorlov Different mounting Prototype has been tested at Uldomok Strait in Korea in 2002 1 m diameter and 2.5 m high 1.5 kW

  26. Turbines • Enemar Kobold Moored – surface mounted 3 vertical articulating blades vertical: 5.0 m diameter: 6 m chord: 0.4 m 25 kW @ 2.0 m/s Prototype has been deployed in Straits of Messina 4 years operational experience

  27. Turbines • Barry Davis’ vertical axis turbine Source: http://www.bluenergy.com/technology.html

  28. Turbines • Blue Energy Project Philippine Dalupiri 2200 MW Blue Energy Project

  29. Turbines • The Energy Business Limited

  30. Foundation Technologies Monopile Gravity Base Hollow steel pile driven or drilled into seabed Heavy foundation of concrete and low cost aggregate placed on seabed Pros: • Deep water installation feasible Pros: • Small footprint • Established technology used in offshore wind Cons: • Large footprint • Scour problems for some types of seabed • Decommissioning problems Cons: • High cost in deep water • Installation expensive for some types of seabed (10-40m) Chain Anchors Tension Leg Submerged platform held in place by anchored cables under high tension Chains anchored to seabed and turbine Pros: • Small footprint • Deep water installation feasible Pros: • Small footprint • Deep water installation feasible • Problematic in practice • Device must have high natural buoyancy Cons: Cons: • Immature technology now being considered for offshore wind in deep water Source: Brian Polagye Tidal In-Stream Energy Overview March 6, 2007

  31. Projects Worldwide

  32. Gulf Stream Current

  33. Gulf Stream Current

  34. Florida Current Resource

  35. Florida Current Resource 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.1 Current speed (knots)

  36. Companies to follow • Blue Energy Canada • Clean Current Technology • Marine Current Turbines • GCK (Gorlov) • Lunar Energy • Open Hydro • Enemar Kobold • Verdant Power • Seapower • Tidal Electric • Aquantis Annapolis Tidal Generating Station (USA)

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