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The Great War for Empire: Shaping American History

The French & Indian War, part of the broader conflict between France and Britain, marked a turning point for the United States. Beginning in North America but spreading globally, the war fueled British colonial expansion ambitions and saw key battles like Fort Duquesne and Quebec City. With effects ranging from the Treaty of Paris to Pontiac's War, the French & Indian War reshaped territories and boundaries, ultimately impacting the relationship between settlers and Native American tribes.

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The Great War for Empire: Shaping American History

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  1. Seven Years’ War The Great War for Empire French & Indian War

  2. Warm Up What does this passage mean to you? ‘In a sense, the history of the United States began with the fall of Quebec and Montreal: the infant republic was cradled on the Plains of Abraham’

  3. NA before King William’s & Queen Anne’s Wars

  4. France vs Great Britain • King William’s War,1689 – 1713 • France vs GB • part of a bigger conflict b/w France, GB & Spain for trading rights • British victory -1713 • control of northern Canada, • Nova Scotia (Acadia) & Newfoundland • 40 years later will cause the migration of Acadians ‘cajuns’ to French held Louisiana • Est. a 50 year period of salutary neglect by GB of its American colonies • GB will not need to enforce Navigation Acts

  5. NA after the Treaty of Utrecht

  6. What do these images have to do with the French & Indian War?

  7. War of Jenkin’sEar -King George’s War (1744-48) • Small part of the conflict in Europe known as the War of Austrian Succession • Spain attacked British merchant ship & tried to reneg on slave trade agreement w/Britain

  8. French & Indian War, 1754 - 1763 • Began in NA, but spread to Europe, Africa & the Philippines (Seven Years’ War) • British colonists wanted to expand into the Ohio Valley, but France needed to control this area to link Canada to the Mississippi Valley • 1754 Albany Congress set up a plan of union to help defend the colonies against Indian/French attacks

  9. Causes of F&I War • Iroquois end trade w/France & give trade concession to the British (1748-) • French build forts in the Ohio Valley • VA Gov. Dinwiddie sends militia (led by G. Washington) to challenge French presence • French attack Fort Necessity, Washington surrenders • GB declares war • Early battles at Ft. Duquesne (F&I win) • Quebec City (GB win)* ultimately leads to British victory in the Americas

  10. Indian territories, 1754 Iroquois Confederacy –Mohawk, Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga (GB allies) Huron, Algonquin (French Allies )

  11. Effects of the F&I War • Treaty of Paris (1763) • France gave control of lands east of the Mississippi & Canada to GB • Iroquois & other interior tribes lost the ability to play rival European nations off each other • Pontiac’s War –Ottawa chief led tribes against British settlers in Detroit, killing more than 2,000 • British retaliated with inflicting smallpox on Indians • GB establishes the Proclamation Line • settlement west banned in order to work out potential conflicts w/ Indians west of the Appalachians

  12. The War for Empire

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