Unit 4 : WWI, The Great Depression, and WWII

1. Unit 4: WWI, The Great Depression, and WWII The Causes and Effects of World War II Have you seen these pictures before?

2. World War II History of Europe between the Two World Wars 1918-1942 Animated Map Presentation In the space below, write down at least five things you learned from the presentation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

3. WWII: The Settings • Dates: • Locations: • Results: • ____________________________________ • ____________, ________, ________, South-East Asia, China, Middle East, Mediterranean and Africa, briefly North America • ________________________ • Emergence of the _______________and the ________________as superpowers • Creation of the ___________________ • Beginning of the _______________ • Loss of European Colonies—Third World _________________________________

4. WWII: Europe, 1939 Examine the map to the right, then be prepared to answer these questions: Why do you think Germany and France would be ‘natural enemies’? Why would the United Kingdom feel relatively safe? Why do you think the Soviet Union might want a buffer zone with Germany? Why do you think Germany might feel ‘surrounded’?

5. WWII: The Pacific, 1939 Examine the map to the right, then be prepared to answer these questions: Why do you think Japan and America would be ‘natural enemies’? Why would the United states feel relatively safe? Why do you think the Japan might be seen as an aggressive power? Why do you think some have said that Commodore Perry awakened a sleeping giant in the 1850s?

6. WWII: The Causes • Factors leading to World War 2 • _______________________________________ • World-Wide Great Depression • _______________________________________ • Rise of Totalitarian Dictators • _______________________________________ • Rival Alliances • _______________________________________ Video: Who’s To Blame for WW2?

7. WWII: The Trigger • The _________________by Germany and the Soviet Union that marked the start of World War II in Europe. • The invasion began on _______________and ended on ______________with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. • _____________________invaded Poland from the north, south, and west. • Polish forces resisted, then awaited expecting support and relief from _________and ____________________ • The two countries had agreements with Poland and had _____________________on September, 3rd. Help never came. • The _______________________invaded Eastern Poland on September 17th • Facing a second front, the Polish government concluded the defense of the country was no longer feasible and ordered an emergency evacuation of all troops to neutral Romania. • On October 6th , following the Polish defeat , German and Soviet forces gained ____________________________. • Many of the military exiles that managed to escape Poland subsequently joined the ____________________ _______________________________, an armed force loyal to the Polish government in exile.

8. WWII: The TriggerThe German Invasion of Poland Examine the map to the right, then be prepared to answer these questions: Are you surprised that Germany and the Soviet Union worked together to conquer Poland? Why would the United Kingdom and France have wanted to avoid war at almost any cost? Do you think the Soviet dictator, Joseph Stalin, had more in common with Hitler or the democratically elected leaders of France and UK? Should the West get involved to stop aggressor nations?

9. WWII: The Sides The ______________ _______________Powers _______________(Third Reich) Germany Austria Czechoslovakia Poland ____________________ ________________________ Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary • ____________(1939-1940) • ___________ (1939-1945) • United Kingdom • Canada • India • Australia • ___________ (1941-1945) • ____________(1941-1945) • ___________(1933-1945)

10. WWII: The Sides Map of the participants in World War II: Allied Powers in green, Axis Powers in blue, and neutral countries in grey

11. WWII: The Leaders Allies • Republic of France (Free French) • ________________________ • United Kingdom • _______________________ • Neville Chamberlain • Bernard Montgomery • USSR • ________________________ • Nikita Khrushchev • Georgy Zhukov • United States of America • _____________________ • _____________________ • _____________________ • _____________________ • Republic of China • _____________________ • _____________________

12. WWII: The Leaders Axis Nazi Germany _______________ Heinrich Himmler _______________ Albert Speer Kingdom of Italy _______________ King Victor Immanuel III Japanese Empire _______________ Isoroku _________ Hideki __________

13. WWII: Chronology (Mostly Europe) 1933 • January 30 - Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. • March 23 - __________________gives Hitler dictatorial power. • October 14 - Germany quits the League of Nations. 1934 • June 30 - The Nazi “____________________." • August 2 - German President Hindenburg dies. • August 19 - Adolf Hitler becomes _________ of Germany. 1935 • March 16 - Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by introducing military conscription. • September 15 - German Jews stripped of rights by ______________________. 1936 • February 10 - The German __________is placed above the law. • March 7 - German troops occupy the ___________. • May 9 - Mussolini's Italian forces take Ethiopia. • July 18 - Civil war erupts in Spain. • August 1 - Olympic games begin in Berlin. • October 1 - _____________declared head of Spanish State. 1937 • June 11 - Soviet leader Josef Stalin begins a purge of Red Army generals. • November 5 - Hitler reveals war plans during Hossbach Conference.

14. Video Interlude Adolph Hitler Speech Montage How do his speeches make you feel?

15. WWII: Chronology 1938 • March 12/13 - Germany announces ‘________' (________) with Austria. • September 30 - British Prime Minister Chamberlain _____________Hitler at Munich. • October 15 - German troops occupy the ___________________; Czech government resigns. • November 9/10 - Kristallnacht - ____ ______________________________. 1939 • March 15/16 - Nazis take Czechoslovakia. • March 28, 1939 - Spanish Civil war ends. • May 22, 1939 - Nazis sign 'Pact of Steel' with Italy. • August 23, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets sign Molotov-Ribbontrop Pact • August 25, 1939 - Britain and Poland sign a Mutual Assistance Treaty. • September 1, 1939 - Nazis invade Poland. • September 3, 1939 - Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand __________ on Germany. • September 17, 1939 - Soviets invade Poland. • September 29, 1939 - ____________ divide up Poland. • December 14, 1939 - Soviet Union expelled from the League of Nations.

16. Video Interlude Winston Churchill Speech Why do you think many Brits thought of Churchill as a ‘Bulldog’? Why do you think Time Magazine chose Churchill as ‘Man of the Century’?

17. WWII: Chronology 1940 • April 9, 1940 - Nazis invade ____________and ________________. • May 10, 1940 - Nazis invade __________, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands; _____________________________________becomes British Prime Minister. • May 26, 1940 - Evacuation of Allied troops from ___________________begins. • June 10, 1940 - Norway surrenders to the Nazis; Italy declares war on Britain and France. • June 22, 1940 - France signs an _________________with Nazi Germany. • June 28, 1940 - Britain recognizes General _________________as the Free French leader. • July 5, 1940 - __________________government breaks off relations with Britain. • July 10, 1940 - _____________________________begins. • September 3, 1940 - Hitler plans _________________________(the invasion of Britain). • September 7, 1940 - German _____________________against Britain begins. • September 27, 1940 - Tripartite (Axis) Pact signed by Germany, Italy and Japan. • October 12, 1940 - Germans postpone Operation Sea Lion until Spring of 1941. • November 5, 1940 - ___________________________re-elected as U.S. president. • November, 1940 - Hungary & Romania join the Axis Powers. • December 9/10 - British begin a western desert offensive in North Africa against the Italians.

18. WWII: Chronology 1941 • February, 1941 - German _______________________and his AfrikaKorps arrive in North Africa. • March 11, 1941 - President Roosevelt signs the ____________________. • June 22, 1941 - Germany attacks Soviet Union as ____________________ begins. • In June - Nazi ________________________________ begin mass murder. • July 3, 1941 - Stalin calls for a scorched earth policy. • July 31, 1941 - Göring instructs Heydrich to prepare for the ____________. • August 14, 1941 - Roosevelt and Churchill announce the ______________. • August 20, 1941 - Nazi ________________________begins (900 days). • September 1, 1941 - Nazis order Jews to wear _____________________. • October 2, 1941 - Operation Typhoon begins (German advance on Moscow) and is successful, at first • December 7, 1941 - ________________________________________ • December 8, 1941 - United States and Britain ____________on Japan. • December 11, 1941 - Hitler declares war on the United States (biggest mistake).

19. Video: Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor

20. Video Interlude Franklin Delano Roosevelt Speech

21. WWII: The War Goes Global Animated Map http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome01/index.php http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome08/03-world_war_II_1941_1942_demo.php In the space below, write down at least five things you learned from the presentation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

22. WWII: Chronology 1942 • January 1, 1942 - _____________________________signed by 26 Allied nations. • January 20, 1942 - _________________________to coordinate the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question.“ • In April - _________________________________________________. • In June - Mass murder of Jews by gassing begins at __________________. • July 9, 1942 - Germans begin a drive toward ______________in the USSR. • September 13, 1942 - ___________________________begins. • November 8, 1942 - _________________begins (U.S. invasion of North Africa). • December 2, 1942 - Professor _____________________________in Chicago. • December 17, 1942 - British Foreign Secretary Eden tells the British House of Commons of _______________________________by Nazis; U.S. declares those crimes will be avenged.

23. Furthest Extent of Axis Power Examine the map above, and then be prepared to answer these questions: What do you think the 70 degree line indicated? What do you think the orange arrows indicate? How would the world have been different if the Axis Powers had won?

24. Furthest Extent of Nazi Power Examine the map to the right, and then be prepared to answer these questions: How close did the Nazis come to conquering all of Europe? What geographic feature helped Britain maintain its independence? What geographic feature helped the Soviet Union maintain its independence?

25. Furthest Extent of Japanese Power Examine the map to the left, and then be prepared to answer these questions: Why do you think Japan had trouble holding on to its new empire? Why do you think many East Asian countries have bitter feelings toward Japan, even today? Why do you think it was an American priority to keep China in the war against the Japanese?

26. WWII: The Pacific Theater Major Battles: Interactive Map http://teachingamericanhistory.org/neh/interactives/wwii/lesson1/

27. WWII: Chronology 1943 • January 14-24 - ____________________conference between Churchill and Roosevelt. During the conference, Roosevelt announces the war can end only with “__________________________________________________” • February 2, 1943 - Germans ___________________________________of Hitler's armies. • February 8, 1943 - Soviet troops take Kursk in ______________in world history. • March 16-20 - ______________climaxes with 27 merchant ships sunk by U-boats. • May 13, 1943 - German and Italian troops ____________________________. • June 11, 1943 - Himmler orders the _____________________________in Poland. • July 9/10 - Allies land in Sicily, capture it in one month. Bomb Rome • July 25/26 - Mussolini arrested and the _________________________________ • July 27/28 - Allied air raid causes a ____________________________________. • September 8, 1943 - _____________________________to Allies is announced. • September 11, 1943 - Germans occupy Rome and ________________________. • September 23, 1943 - Mussolini re-establishes a Fascist government in the north. • October 13, 1943 - Italy declares war on Germany • November 28, 1943 - ____________________________________meet at Tehran.

28. WWII: Chronology 1944 • January 6, 1944 - Soviet troops advance into Poland. • January 22, 1944 - Allies land at ______________in Italy. • January 27, 1944 - Leningrad relieved after a ___________________________. • May 15, 1944 - Germans withdraw to the __________________in the East. • June 6, 1944 - _____________________________________________________. • June 13, 1944 - First German __________________________attack on Britain. • July 20, 1944 - Assassination attempt by German Army officers against Hitler fails. • August 4, 1944 - _________________________by the Gestapo in Amsterdam, Holland. • August 25, 1944 - __________________________________________. • September 13, 1944 - U.S. troops reach the _____________in western Germany. • October 14, 1944 - Allies liberate Athens; Rommel commits suicide. • October 21, 1944 - Massive German surrender at Aachen, Germany. • December 16-27 - _____________________________________in the Ardennes. • December 17, 1944 - Waffen-SS _____________________________at Malmedy. • December 26, 1944 - _________________________, ending Battle of the Bulge

29. Video: D-Day, June 6, 1944

30. WWII: Chronology 1945 • January 16, 1945 - U.S. 1st and 3rd Armies link up after the Battle of the Bulge. • January 17, 1945 - Soviet troops capture Warsaw, Poland & ____________________________. • February 4-11 - Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin _____________________. • April 12, 1945 - Allies liberate Buchenwald and Belsen concentration camps; __________________________. ____________________becomes President. • April 21, 1945 - Soviets reach Berlin. • April 28, 1945 - ____________________________________by Italian partisans • April 30, 1945 - ____________________________________ • May 7, 1945 - ______________________________________to Allies. • May 8, 1945 -______________________________________________________ • May, 1945 - Hermann Göring captured & SS-Reichsführer Himmler commits suicide • June 5, 1945 - Allies divide up Germany and Berlin and take over the government. • June 26, 1945 - _________________________________________________________ • July 16, 1945 - First U.S. atomic bomb test; Potsdam Conference begins. • July 26, 1945 - Atlee succeeds Churchill as British Prime Minister. • August 6, 1945 - ________________________________________________________ • August 8, 1945 - Soviets declares war on Japan and invade Manchuria. • August 9, 1945 - ________________________________________________________ • August 14, 1945 - Japanese agree to unconditional surrender. • September 2, 1945 - _____________________________________________________ • October 24, 1945 - United Nations is born. • November 20, 1945 - _____________________________________________________

31. Allied and Axis Controlled Territory May, 1945

32. Nazi Germany Surrenders • The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the Provisional Government of the French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Germany, including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Command and any state, municipal, or local government or authority. • US Department of State, Treaties and Other International Acts Series, No. 1520

33. Potsdam Agreement • Signed on August 2, 1945 • Allied leaders: • planned the new post-war German government • _________________________________________ • de facto annexed a quarter of pre-war Germany situated east of the Oder-Neisse line • mandated and organized the ____________________ __________________________________ remaining in the annexed territories and elsewhere in the east • ordered German ______________, ______________, industrial disarmament and settlements of war reparations.

34. Allied Occupation of Germany

35. Allied Approach to Japanese Homeland

36. Video: Hiroshima

37. WWII: Casualties/Losses Allied Powers Axis Powers Military dead:Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead:Over 4,000,000 Total dead:Over 12,000,000 (1937–45) • Military dead:Over 16,000,000 • Civilian dead:Over 45,000,000 • Total dead:Over 61,000,000 (1937–45)

38. WWII: Effects or Consequences 1 . ____________________________ • 1.1 Border revisions and population transfers • 1.2 Reparation payments to the victors • 1.3 Allied occupation of Germany and Italy • 1.4 _____________________to rebuild Europe and hold off Communist revolutions 2. _____________________________ • 2.1 European countries too weak to hold colonies • 2.2 Former ______________________________________ • 2.3 Regional wars to decide who fills power vacuum after Europe’s collapse • ____________________________ • 3.1 U.S. influence/control of Western Europe (__________________________) • 3.2 Soviet influence/control of Eastern Europe (_________________________) • 3.3 __________________________separating the two sides • 3.4 World wide competition for dominance (____________________) 4. Political effects • 4.1 Creation of _____________________(Economic ties will prevent future war) • 4.2 _________________(replaces League of Nations…with enforcement capability) • 4.3 Cold War (dominates ____________________________________________)

39. WWII: Effects or Consequences • Technology • 5.1 ___________________________________________________________in the United States • 5.2 Code-breaking and ballistics tables kick-start development of _________________________ • Social effects • 6.1 Strengthening of ______________________________________________________________ • 6.2 Increased participation of _________________________________________________ • 6.3 Russian atrocities committed against German women • Military effects • 7.1 Coming of age of _______________________ • 7.2 Beginning of the ________________________ • Trials for war crimes • 8.1 High-ranking Germans were hanged for war crimes, as well as the mass murder of the Jews in the Holocaust in the __________________________. • 8.2 Similarly Japanese leaders were prosecuted in the __________________________________. • Defeat of Japan • 9.1 Destruction of most Japanese cities • 9.2 Annihilation of _____________________________________ • 9.3 ___________________________________of Japanese society

40. WWII: Summary • World War II, or the Second World War (often abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global military conflict lasting from ___________________________, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers: eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. • It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilized. • In a state of “________________," the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, ________________________________ ____________________________________________________ • It was the deadliest conflict in human history,resulting in ______________________________________________fatalities