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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life. Biology. The Scientific Study of Life. Characteristics of Life. An organism must have all seven of these in order to be considered as living. 1. Order 2. Reproduction 3. Growth and development] 4. Energy Processing

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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

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  1. HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER ONE: Biology: Exploring Life

  2. Biology • The Scientific Study of Life

  3. Characteristics of Life • An organism must have all seven of these in order to be considered as living. • 1. Order • 2. Reproduction • 3. Growth and development] • 4. Energy Processing • 5. Respond to the Environment • 6. Regulation • 7. Evolutionary adaptation

  4. ORDERLiving things are made of cells • These units help to organize their materials.

  5. Nerve cell Examples of Cells Egg and sperm Red blood cell Fat cell Cheek cell

  6. 2. REPRODUCTION • Why is this so important? • How do plants reproduce? • How do animals reproduce? Egg and sperm pollen Euglena separate

  7. Sexual Reproduction Two parents unite to form a new organism Asexual Reproduction A single parent divides itself two produce offspring Types of Reproduction

  8. 3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTLiving things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA). • All living things have the same bases (A, T, C, G) in their DNA-they are just in different order

  9. Each organism has a pattern of growth and development characteristic of its species. • Crecropia Moth Life Cycle Video

  10. 4. ENERGY PROCESSING • Organisms take in energy and transform it to perform all of life’s activities. -metabolism -photosynthesis

  11. 5. RESPOND TO THE ENVIRONMENT • All organisms respond to environmental stimuli. • YouTube - Venus flytrap eating a spider

  12. Stimulus-Response • A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

  13. 6. REGULATIONLiving Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment • The environment may change, but regulatory mechanisms maintain an organisms’ internal environments within limits that sustain life. Sunbathing lemur on a cool morning

  14. 7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONTaken as a group, living things change over time. Adaptations evolve to allow greater reproductive success

  15. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION

  16. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)

  17. 1.2 HIERARCHY OF ORGANIZATION (cont.)

  18. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Molecules Organelle PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO SMALLEST

  19. Name the Level of Organization

  20. “Emergent Properties” • What does it mean that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts?” • How does that relate to this hierarchy of life? • How is a person different than just its blood or its muscles?

  21. EXAMPLES BEE HIVE Bicycle Parts Whole Bicycle • One bee does limited jobs, but together they get the hive and honey made. You can get a lot farther with it put together Drone Queen Worker

  22. 1.3 Cells are the structural and functional units of life • A cell is the lowest level that can have all the properties of life. • UNICELLULAR – an organism that consists of only one cell EX: bacteria • MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that consists of more than one cell

  23. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY • Studying the interactions of the parts • Nerve cellRed Blood Cells Cardiac Muscle Cells

  24. Prokaryotic Cells – have no nucleus bound in a membrane EX: bacteria • Eukaryotic Cells – have a nucleus bound in a membrane EX: nerve cell EX: nerve cell, plant cell, paramecium

  25. Prokaryotes-sole inhabitants on earth 1.5 billion years • Eukaryotes-arose about 2.1 billion years ago • So, how long ago did life begin? • 3.6 bya • How did the evolution of complex life begin? (4:17mins) Fossils of 3.5bya

  26. Organelles • Membrane bound functional compartments within a cell

  27. 1.4 Organisms interact with their environment, exchanging matter and energy • What interactions do you imagine go on here?

  28. Energy Nutrients • What are the producers? • Where do the plants get their food and energy? • What are the consumers? • What happens to the dead organisms and wastes? (HINT: decomposers)

  29. 1.5 Evolution, the core theme of Biology • The unity of life is based on DNA and a common genetic code • ALL CELLS HAVE DNA • ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G) • DNA is the molecule that makes up genes (units of inheritance) that group to make chromosomes

  30. DNA is the blueprint for making proteins (pigments, enzymes, membranes, hormones…)

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