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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 . Weather and Climate. Sun and Latitude. The latitude of the Earth affects the climate. Low Latitudes (areas near the Equator, Tropics) receive the most solar energy. Middle Latitudes (Temperate Zone) is neither hot, nor cold (where we live)

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Weather and Climate

  2. Sun and Latitude • The latitude of the Earth affects the climate. • Low Latitudes (areas near the Equator, Tropics) receive the most solar energy. • Middle Latitudes (Temperate Zone) is neither hot, nor cold (where we live) • High Latitudes (Polar Zone) is usually cold, receiving the least solar energy. Greenhouse Effect The atmosphere traps solar energy, continually bouncing back and forth between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere.

  3. Wind Belts and Pressure • Low Pressure zones are caused by warm air, which expands and rises (Equator and Sub Polar area) • High Pressure zones are caused by cold air, which is dense and sinks (Subtropical and Polar areas) • Pressure differences cause wind – air always wants to be in balance • Warm air moves in the upper atmosphere until it cools and sinks, cold air moves along the surface until it heats up and rises.

  4. Ocean Currents • Ocean water heats and cools more slowly than land, making coastal areas milder than inland areas • Ocean currents move heat between the tropics and polar regions, helping to maintain Earth’s energy balance.

  5. WEATHER

  6. The Water Cycle Water on earth moves in a continuous cycle

  7. VOCABULARY • Evaporation • Water vapor rising in the atmosphere • Condensation • The changing of water from a vapor to a liquid • Precipitation • Any form of water falling from the sky such as rain, sleet, snow, and hail

  8. Orographic Effect • Increases in elevation cause a drop in temperature. • Mountains cause the orographic effect: moist air meets a barrier and is pushed upward, causing cooling, condensation, and precipitation. • By the time the air moves over the mountain, there is no more moisture, making that side of the mountain and the land beyond it dry – a rain shadow.

  9. STORMS • Hurricane • A low-pressure tropical storm that develops in the North Atlantic and Eastern North Pacific • Tornado • One of the smallest, yet most violent, storm types • Thunderstorm • Disturbance caused by cold front, thunder and lightning occur

  10. HURRICANE • Form over ocean near the equator • Winds spin counter- clockwise • Winds must be over 75 mph • The strongest storms on earth

  11. TORNADO • Spiraling funnel cloud • Form along cold fronts • Very unpredictable • Winds can exceed 500 mph inside tornado • Mostly occur in spring

  12. THUNDERSTORM • Caused by a cold front • Strong winds and heavy rain • Usually bring thunder and lightning • Are usually over quickly

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