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Understanding Types of Chemical Reactions: From Redox to Ion Exchange

This chapter delves into the different types of chemical reactions, including oxidation-reduction (redox), combination, decomposition, replacement, and ion exchange reactions. It illustrates key concepts with examples, such as the ion exchange reaction between potassium iodide and lead(II) nitrate that forms a precipitate. Relevant equations demonstrate the relationship between atomic and molecular masses, using Avogadro’s number to explain the concept of moles. Gain insights into the foundational principles governing chemical transformations and the significance of atomic mass in stoichiometry.

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Understanding Types of Chemical Reactions: From Redox to Ion Exchange

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  1. Chemical Reactions Chapter 10

  2. Types of Chemical Reactions • Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) • Combination • Decomposition • Replacement • Ion Exchange

  3. 2 KI + Pb(NO3)2→ PbI2↓+ 2 KNO3 Pg 251 KI(aq) PbI2 (s)

  4. Ion Exchange Reaction – ions of one compound react with ions of another compound to form: (1) a solid (precipitate) or FeCl3 + 3 NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl (2) a gas or (3) water CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2↑ + H2O

  5. Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World (grams) Atomic mass ≡ mass of an atom in atomic mass units (u) By definition: 1 atom 12C “weighs” 12 u On this scale 1H = 1.008 u 16O = 16.00 u

  6. (7.42 · 6.015) + (92.58 · 7.016) 100 Natural lithium is: 7.42% 6Li (6.015 u) 92.58% 7Li (7.016 u) Average atomic mass of lithium: = 6.941 u

  7. Average atomic mass (6.941)

  8. UNITS Dozen = 12 Pair = 2 mole - the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12.00 grams of 12C 1 mol = NA = 6.02 x 1023 Avogadro’s number (NA)

  9. eggs shoes Molar mass - the mass of 1 mole of in grams marbles atoms 1 mole 12C atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms = 12.00 g 1 12C atom = 12.00 u 1 mole 12C atoms = 12.00 g 12C 1 mole lithium atoms = 6.941 g of Li For any element atomic mass (u) = molar mass (grams)

  10. One Mole of: S C Hg Cu Fe

  11. 1S 32.07 u 2O + 2 x 16.00 u SO2 SO2 64.07 u Molecular mass (or molecular weight) - the sum of the atomic masses (in u) in a molecule. For any molecule molecular mass (u) = molar mass (grams) 1 molecule SO2 = 64.07 u 1 mole SO2 = 64.07 g SO2

  12. Fig 10.16 The mole • concept for: • Elements: • Compounds: • Molecular • substances:

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