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BACTERIA

BACTERIA. Kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Bacteria Characteristics. LIVING! PROKARYOTE!! No nucleus…no nuclear membrane Only ribosomes Simple CURED WITH ANTIBIOTICS!!!. Characteristics of Bacteria. Unicellular Prokaryotic No nucleus and have ribosomes

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BACTERIA

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  1. BACTERIA Kingdoms: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

  2. Bacteria Characteristics • LIVING! • PROKARYOTE!! • No nucleus…no nuclear membrane • Only ribosomes • Simple • CURED WITH ANTIBIOTICS!!!

  3. Characteristics of Bacteria • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • No nucleus and have ribosomes • Cell walls (with or without peptidoglycan) • Some autotroph or Some heterotrophic

  4. PICTURE

  5. Reproduction: Asexual • Binary fission-DNA is copied and cell divides • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gEwzDydciWc

  6. Reproduction: Sexual • Conjugation allows for a species to vary • Hollow structures, called pili, connect two bacteria, and DNA is exchanged, then the cells separate

  7. What is the result of conjugation? • GENETIC DIVERSITY! • It ensures that the bacteria will: • Survive in a difficult environment. • Reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation.

  8. Beneficial USES FOR BACTERIA • Aids in digestion (found in intestines) • Used to make yogurt, wine, sauerkraut • Produce antibiotics and medicines • Recycle nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle • Decompose dead organic material • Used in septic systems

  9. BACTERIAL DISEASES • Cavities • “Staph infections” • Food poisoning • Anthrax • Strep throat • Tuberculosis • Syphilis • Cholera • Ear infections • Toxic Shock Syndrome • Meningitis (bacterial) • Diphtheria • Bubonic plague (Black Death)

  10. Signs of Bacterial Infection: • Skin rashes and/or lesions • Swollen glands or tissues • Increased RBCs

  11. Cures and Preventions: • Cure:Antibiotics are medicines that are used to rid the bacteria in your body • Prevention: Heat, soap, good hygiene, cook food, refrigerate • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lmwbBzClAc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active • Antibiotic Resistance: bacteria are not affected by antibiotic treatments. This is becoming a problem around the world. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRvfhljxA4s&feature=results_main&playnext=1&list=PL2AD832F5BA79A6DF

  12. VIRUSES 19.2

  13. VIRUSES Characteristics • NOT LIVING! • NOT A CELL!! • PREVENTED WITH A VACCINE not antibiotic!!!

  14. Characteristics • A core of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) • A protein capsid coat • Incredibly small

  15. Compare the size of a Eukaryotic cell, Bacterial Cell and a Virus Viruses < bacteria cells<eukaryotic cells

  16. PICTURE Capsid- protein coat (part that holds the DNA or RNA) Legs (anchor the virus to the cell)

  17. HOW VIRUSES REPRODUCE • Virus HIJACKS a host cell • Virus injects DNA or RNA into cell • Viral DNA or RNA is replicated • Transcription and Translation takes place to make capsid (protein coat) • Cell assembles viruses • Cell is lysed/explodes, new viruses are released and infect other cells

  18. BENEFICIAL USES • Researchers study viruses to create better vaccines • Stocked in private non-disclosed labs around the world to possibly use as germ warfare against enemies

  19. Diseases • Measles • Mumps • Rubella • Polio • West Nile • Hepatitis A, B, C • Ebola • Small pox • Influenza (the flu) • HIV • Chicken pox; Shingles • Herpes • Common colds • Epstein Barr • HPV • Rabies

  20. Human Immunodeficiency Virus • HIV causes AIDS • HIV attacks Helper T-Cells, which are vital to our immune system • Since HIV decreases the immune system, a person is more prone to secondary infections than a normal person Mutates too quickly to make a vaccine

  21. InFLUenza • Symptoms: High fever, sore throat, fatigue, aches, coughs • Mutates regularly. That is why we have vaccines yearly • Can be air borne - When some one coughs or sneezes, you can contract the virus by breathing it in.

  22. Cure/Preventions • Can not be treated. • We treat the symptoms- aching, fever, nausea….etc • VACCINE-antibodies from the virus “bootcamp” for your immune system

  23. Quick Vocab Lesson • Pathogen – disease-causing agent (bacteria, virus, fungi) • Immune Response – the body’s reactions to any pathogen • Outbreak – rapid spreading of a certain disease • AKA: epidemic

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