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Contested Visions: The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)

Contested Visions: The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877). Fort Sumter (symbolic beginning of war). Union and Confederate Strategies. Matching military tactics to political realities Confederacy ignored possibility of war of attrition – the successful model offered by Patriots in 1776

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Contested Visions: The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)

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  1. Contested Visions: The Civil War and Reconstruction (1861-1877)

  2. Fort Sumter (symbolic beginning of war)

  3. Union and Confederate Strategies • Matching military tactics to political realities • Confederacy ignored possibility of war of attrition – the successful model offered by Patriots in 1776 • Lincoln recognized the need to take the war to the South dramatically • Conflict initially defined as a war to restore the Union rather than an anti-slavery crusade

  4. Turning Points/Missed Opportunities of the Civil War • As argued by historian James McPherson • Summer 1862 – Peninsular Campaign • Fall 1862 – First Confederate invasion of North • Summer/Fall 1863 – Confederacy permanently on the defensive • Summer 1864 – Fall of Atlanta and Lincoln’s re-election

  5. Summer 1862

  6. Fall of 1862 – Battles of Antietam and Perryville

  7. Summer/Fall 1863

  8. Summer 1864 – Sherman’s Heyday

  9. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse(April 1865)

  10. Consequences of the War

  11. Reconstruction • Began with high hopes for social and political activism on behalf of freed slaves • Limited by white southern resistance, political corruption, and northern apathy • Left African-Americans in a distinctly second-class status that would continue into the 1950s-1970s

  12. Freedman’s Bureau

  13. Fifteenth Amendment

  14. Reconstruction Act of 1867

  15. End of Reconstruction – How much has really changed?

  16. Primary sources useful for paper assignments on Reconstruction • Wade-Davis manifesto against Lincoln’s Reconstruction policy (1864) • Article entitled “Reconstruction” by Frederick Douglass (1866) • Appeal to Congress for African-American voting rights by Frederick Douglass (1867) • Call for moderation by John Sherman (1867) • Southern Republican assessment by Albion Tourgee (1879)

  17. Primary sources useful for paper assignments on prosecution of war • Harrison’s Landing letter from George McClellan to Lincoln (July 1862) • Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln (1862) • Gettysburg Address by Lincoln (1863) • Grant’s account of first meeting with Lincoln (1864)Comments on necessity of holding elections by Lincoln (1864)

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