Test Review –Reconstruction, Redemption, and the New South

Chapter 9 and 10 (Sec. 1-4) Test Review –Reconstruction, Redemption, and the New South

Reconstruction brought hardships to the state Redemption sought to overcome those hardships and regain more local control over state government During Reconstruction, African Americans formed the largest group of southern republicans and voted in large numbers to help keep the Republican in power Reconstruction and redemption

In the late 1800s, Georgia’s water resources, network of railroad lines, supply of cotton and coastal seaports made textiles profitable. Textile industry

Rival the North economically Farmers’ Alliance was a prominent agricultural movement during the New South period. New South…

Main purpose was to showcase the industries of the New South Held in the city of Atlanta International Cotton Exposition

In the “New South,” • Teachers did not have college degrees • Both black and white teachers were trained in special institutes held in Americus, Milledgeville or Toccoa. • A shortage of teachers caused a 3-month school year. Free Public Education

Important in Georgia because • Leaders expanded business and industry • Paid off the war debts of the state • Lowered taxes • Blended old and new (kept white supremacy while building new traditions to rival the North) Joseph Brown, Alfred Colquitt and John Gordon were political rulers drawn together in a close relationship by power and political goals. • They hurt Georgia because they did little to improve labor conditions, education for the poor, job training, the prison system or mental health care Bourbon Triumvirate

13th – freed all slaves in the United States 14th – helped define U.S. citizenship 15th – gave all men the right to vote 19th – gave women the right to vote Constitutional Amendments

Rural Free Delivery Bill – required mail to be delivered free to rural areas Disenfranchisement – to prevent people of any race from voting Sharecropping - landless farmers who gave their labor in return for share of harvest Tenant farmers – worked the land for exchange for cash and usually owned animals and farm tools Farmers’ Alliance – prominent agricultural movement in the New South period Terms….

Helped former slaves and poor whites cope with everyday problems by offering clothing, food, and other necessities • Focused on education as a way to help freedom • Helped the freedom to adjust to their new circumstances Freedmen’s Bureau

Rebecca Latimer Felton – wrote in the Atlanta Journal about the need for reforms in Georgia’s prison system and leader in the suffrage and temperance movements Tom Watson - Georgia representative who sponsored Rural Free Delivery in Congress and was supported by the farmers Leo Frank – Jewish man accused of the brutal murder of Mary Phagan in 1913. Alonzo Herndon - Founded one of the nation’s largest African American-owned insurance companies Important people

Joseph E. Brown - Georgia governor when Georgia seceded from the Union and one of the Bourbon Triumvirates. Andrew Johnson – Helped reconstruct the United States with his version of the Reconstruction Plans Henry McNeal Turner - Black legislator who sponsored a bill to establish state police Important People

John – First black president of Morehouse College; believed social equality was just as important as economic equality Lugenia Burns Hope – Organized the Neighborhood Union John and Lugenia Burns Hope

Formed in 1891 when The Farmer’s Alliance united with labor unions Populist party

By uniting, the state’s smaller counties could decide state elections. The 121 smallest counties had two unit votes each The 8 largest counties had 6 unit votes each This allowed small, rural counties to maintain power in the Georgia General Assembly from 1917-1962. County unit system

Jim Crow Laws - passed to establish separate-but-equal facilities for different races • Voting qualifications designed to prevent African Americans from voting: • Paying a poll tax • Taking a literacy test • Meeting a property requirement Citizen rights denied

Sat in “white’s only” section of train car to test the legality of a law requiring separate-but-equal facilities Under Plessey v. Ferguson blacks and whites could have separate schools became legal Homer Plessy

False reports of black assaults were published in local newspapers on September 22. Some reported that thousands of whites brought guns and began to roam through downtown Atlanta. Fears grew; and the attacks became real. The riot lasted two days; martial law was declared. 18 African Americans and 3 whites were killed; hundreds were injured; property destruction was high. Atlanta Riot of 1906

Believed that • Vocational education was essential for African Americans who sought equality • Economic equality was much more important that social equality for African Americans • Political and social equality for African Americans would come from economic independence Advisor to presidents; President of Tuskegee Institute Booker T. Washington

Atlanta University professor who opposed Washington’s ideas on social separateness Wanted social and political integration Supported higher education for the “Talented Tenth” W. E. B. DuBois

began in Tennessee in 1865 as a social club The name probably came from the Greek word kuklos, meaning "circle“ = Ku Klux Klan What did they promote? STUDY!!!!!!! Ku Klux Klan

Test Review –Reconstruction, Redemption, and the New South