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Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia

Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia. Class Amphibia A. Lay eggs in water, or some kind of moisture 1. Live in water as larvae and on land as adults. ( 2 life cycles) 2. Moist skin for frogs, newts and salamanders but toads have drier skin. B. Gas exchange

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Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia

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  1. Phylum ChordataClass Amphibia

  2. Class Amphibia A. Lay eggs in water, or some kind of moisture 1. Live in water as larvae and on land as adults. ( 2 life cycles) 2. Moist skin for frogs, newts and salamanders but toads have drier skin. B. Gas exchange 1. Skin – always needs to be moist, also lungs. 2. Gills – some species C. Amphibians are cold-blooded

  3. Difference betweentadpole and adult frog • TadpoleAdult Frog • Gills Skin or lungs • Tailed No Tail • Herbivore Carnivore

  4. E. 3 chambered heart 1. 2 atriums – right side, deoxygenated blood, left side, oxygenated blood. 2. 1 ventricle – center, main pumping chamber, up into both atriums. F. Waste 1. Nitrogenous waste are secreted by kidneys 2. Large amounts of dilute urine because of osmosis occurring through the skin G. Limbs 1. Frogs, newts, toads and salamanders have 4 limbs stick out sideways a. Back legs are used for power and jumping. b. Front legs used for absorbing the land. c. Some species have suction cups on their feet that have a variety of uses. 2. Exception – Apoda’s are legless and move in an s-shape fashion similar to a snake.

  5. Frog’s Heart

  6. Frog’s Heart Body and left lung Body and Right lung Lower body Left Lung Right Atrium Left Atrium Ventricle

  7. H. External Fertilization • 1. Amplexus – male frog climbs on the females back, wraps his arms around her body and uses his large thumbs to push her eggs out. While eggs are leaving the cloaca, male deposits sperm directly on her eggs, fertilizing them as they enter the water.

  8. Digestive Track • 1. Mouth • 2. Esophagus – gullet • 3. Stomach • 4. Pyloric Sphincter – lower part of stomach • 5. Duodenum – upper end of small intestines • 6. Ileum – lower end of small intestines • 7. Large intestines • 8. Cloaca • 9. Anus

  9. J. Digestive system accessory organs • 1. Liver – produces bile, fat emulsifier • 2. Gall Bladder – stores excess bile • 3. Pancreas – produces pancreatic juices that secretes into the stomach and small intestines. • K. Mesentary – flexible tissue that holds and connects all the organs together inside the frogs body. (Connective Tissue)

  10. 2. Order Urodela A. ex. Newts and salamanders B. Size – no longer than 15 cm C. Larvae are fully aquatic with gills and a tail D. 300 species

  11. 3. Order Apoda A. ex. caecilians (worm-like amphibians) B. 160 species

  12. 4. Order Anura A. ex. Frogs and toads B. 2500 species C. Some live part of their life in water, some are permanently aquatic. D. Toads can live without water E. Frogs shed their skin and can eat it! F. Anura means tailless G. Return to water to reproduce H. Hatched eggs become tadpoles I. Most go through metamorphosis to become adults.

  13. Frog Cycle • 7-10 days tadpole hatches from egg • 6-9 weeks legs sprout out • 12 weeks tail disappears and adult frog

  14. F. Frogs hearing 1. Frogs can hear using big round drum-like structures on the sides of their head called a tympanum membrane. 2. Tympanum means drum. 3. The size and distance between the ears depends on the wavelength and frequency of a male frogs mating call. Females can only her their male species mating call

  15. Frogs have variable kinds of eye types. The colored part of the eye is called the iris . They can be brown, green, silver, red, bronze, and even gold. The pupils come in all kinds of shapes too! (2) Round pupils: Some frogs have round pupils just like you and me. Newts and Salamanders also have round pupils. (2) Vertical pupils: Vertical pupils that look like a cats eye are really good for night vision and respond quickly to changes in light. (3) Horizontal-Shaped pupils: These are the more common pupil, good for normal day-vision. Nictitating Membrane – known as the third eye lid of the frog.

  16. G. Frog colors and warning signals 1. Bright colors signifies a warning – saying “I’m poisonous” 2. Other colors are for camouflage to hide from predators.

  17. Golden Dart FrogMost poisonous Frog

  18. Smallest frog in the worldPaedrophryne Amauensis

  19. Mouth structures • Maxillary – Row of teeth on the upper jaw. • Vomerine – a pair of teeth, Between nostril holes inside mouth on upper palate. • Glottis – pathway to the lungs. • Esophagus – pathway to the stomach • Fatty bodies - fat, noodle-like that insulate frog and protect organs. • Rib cage – no a frog lack ribs.

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