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CELL STRUCTURE

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE Jan Homolak, 2nd year School of Medicine, Zagreb4/28/2014 Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. The Cell Discovery The Cell Theory The Cell TypesParts of the Cell

  3. Cella = small room

  4. Cell Discovery Robert Hooke-observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant cells) Microphagia-described what he observed as “little boxes” (cells) 1665

  5. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • first person to observe living cells • 1675

  6. Cell Theory ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF basic units of structure and function come only from existing cells

  7. Matthias Schleiden (1838)-all plants are composed of cells • Theodor Schwann (1839)- all animals are composed of cells • Rudolph Virchow (1855)- cells come only from other cells

  8. ???  the female ovum • The largest cell in the human body? • The smallest cell in the human body? • The largest cell on earth? • The smallest cell? • which cell is the most abundant in the human body?There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells. male sperm(175,000 sperm cells weigh as much as a single egg cell) an ostrich egg  a tiny bacteria

  9. Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes true nucleus • Animals • Plants • Fungi • Bacteria

  10. Parts of the Cell • taking food • transforming food into energy • getting rid of wastes • reproducing

  11. Cell Membrane • Structure:- phospholipid bilayer- proteins:- channels -markers -receptors • Function: “selectively permeable boundary between the cell and the external environment”

  12. Nucleus • Structure: a sphere • Function: -storage center of cell DNA-manages cell functions

  13. Cytoplasm • Structure: - gelatin-like fluid- inside the cell membrane • Function: -contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules -surrounds the organelles

  14. Cytoskeleton • Structure: -network of thin, fibrous elements microtubules microfilaments (actin) • Function:-support system-maintains cell shape

  15. Ribosomes • Structure: -two subunits made of protein and RNA • Function:-protein synthesis

  16. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Structure: -a system of membranous tubules and sacs • Function: -”intercellular highway” • roughendoplasmicreticulum • smoothendoplasmicreticulum

  17. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Covered with ribosomes • Protein synthesis and export

  18. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesis of lipids and breakdown of toxic substances

  19. Golgi Apparatus • Structure: -stacked flat sacs • Function: -distribution of received proteins (to other organelles or out of the cell) (receiving, processing, packaging, and shipping)

  20. Mitochondria • Structure: -folded membrane within an outer membrane • Function: - energy conversion (food -> ATP)

  21. Lysosomes • Structure: -spherical organelles • Function: -contain hydrolytic enzymes

  22. Peroxisomes • Structure: -spherical organelles • Function: -degrade hydrogen peroxide(toxic metabolic compound)

  23. Centrioles • Structure: -nine sets of triplet microtubules-arranged in a ring • Function: -cell division (mitosis)

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