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World War I 1914-1918. Causes of WWI. Militarism. European nations built large armies. Europe became a armed camp. The only way for European nations to settle disputes was war. Nationalism. Ultra Nationalism Europeans supported their own governments even if it meant war.
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Militarism • European nations built large armies. • Europe became a armed camp. • The only way for European nations to settle disputes was war.
Nationalism • Ultra Nationalism • Europeans supported their own governments even if it meant war. • France wanted revenge against Germany. • Slavic peoples wanted their independence.
Navalism • England’s status as the number one naval power was being challenged by Germany.
Imperialism • Competition for colonies and trade led to rivalry and tension among European countries.
The Alliance system • The crisis became an international crisis when war was declared and the system of alliances went into effect.
The Alliance System • In order to maintain a Balance of Power Europe became divided into two camps. The Agreements
The Sides • The Allies: • France • Russia • England • The Triple Alliance • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire
The Spark that set off the “powderkeg” • In June 1914 the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist group lit the fuse that set off WWI.
The Schlieffen Plan • The Schlieffen Plan was Germanys plan for WWI. • It called for Germany to attack and defeat France through Belgium. • Germany could then turn and defeat Russia.
Trench Warfare • After Germany’s failure to capture Paris and end the war quickly, both sides started digging trenches.
Trench Warfare • Eventually hundreds of miles of opposing trenches stretched from the North Sea to Switzerland.
Trench Warfare • British soldiers in their trenches in France waiting to attack.
Poison Gas • German troops attack Allied trenches with Chlorine gas on the Eastern Front in 1917.
Poison Gas • At first tear gas and chlorine gas was used. • Then a more deadly phosgene and mustard gas were employed. • Carrier pigeons in the service of the German Army are put in a gas protection box.
Poison Gas • Was first used by the Germans in 1915. • About 79,000 people died from it’s effects.
The Machine Gun • The machine gun became part of the infantry during WWI.
The Machine Gun • British machine gunners in action wearing gas masks helmets in 1916.
Trench Mortar • This type of deadly short-range weapon was designed to be fired from the trenches.
Battlefield Communication • German soldiers set up a light radio station on the Western Front, 1917.
The Airplane • By November 1918 there were over 11,000 aircraft in use on the Western Front. The airplane had many uses such as: observation, bombing, fighting in the air.
The Tank • First introduced in 1917. • The tanks of WWI were slow and easily defeated. • The tank would be modified and became an offensive weapon in WWII.
The Armistice • On the eleventh day, at the eleventh hour of the eleventh month . The great war ended. • On November 11, 1918 Germany agreed to an Armistice.
