The Progressive Movement

1. The Progressive Movement Unit 2 Chapter 5

2. Lecture IV: The Progressive Era A. Progressivism 1. Goals of Progressivism • Fix problems caused by industrialization and urbanization • End the corruption in local and State governments • Give democracy back to the people 2. Muckrakers • Writers who investigated social problems and exposed them to the American public • Ida Tarbell’s A History of Standard Oil-attacked the Standard Oil Co. • Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives-portrayed poverty, disease and crime in immigrant neigborhoods • Lincoln Steffens’ Shame of the Cities-exposed the corruption of local govts.

3. How the Other Half Lives

4. How the Other Half Lives

5. How the Other Half Lives

6. B. Progressivism Promotes Democracy 1. Robert La Follette’s “Laboratory of Democracy” • Direct Primaries-allow members of political parties to pick candidates for general elections • Initiative and Referendum-allowed voters to put forth and vote on legislation • Recall Elections-special election to remove govt. officials before their term is up 2.17th Amendment (1913) • Allowed Americans to vote for senators; limited the power of political machines and thwarted corruption 3. Women’s Suffrage • N.A.W.S.A.-organization of women that fought for suffrage in the early 1900s • 19th Amendment (1920)-gave women the right to vote

7. Signing of the 19th Amendment

8. C. Social Welfare Progressivism 1. Campaign Against Child Labor • John Spargo’sThe Bitter Cry of the Children • Children’s Bureau-investigated children in the work- place and made suggestion to govt. on how to end child labor 2. Health and Safety Codes • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)-devastating workplace fire that led to investigations on worker safety and new laws to protect workers • Workers Compensation • Zoning and Building Codes 3. Temperance Movement • 18th Amendment (1920)-ended the manufacturing, selling or drinking of alcohol in America

9. Shirtwaist Factory Fire

10. Shirtwaist Factory Fire

11. Lecture V: The Progressive Presidents • Roosevelt’s Square Deal (the 3 C’s) 1. Corporations • TR believed that some trusts were too greedy and hurt competition in the economy • TR utilized the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up bad monopolies • Earned the nickname “The Trustbuster” • TR became the first president to support labor unions; supported the United Mine Workers strike in 1902 • Passed the Hepburn Act to strengthen the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission in regulating the railroads 2. Consumer Protection • Influenced by Upton Sinclair’s book The Jungle • TR passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act to protect consumers against tainted products 3. Conservation • TR and Gifford Pinchot (head of the US Forest Service) urged Americans to conserve America’s resources • Established 5 National Parks and 51 federal wildlife reservations

12. Political Cartoons on the Trusts

13. Political Cartoons on the Trusts

15. Pure Food and Drug Act

16. B. President Taft’s Progressive Reforms 1. The “Real” Trust Buster and Corporate Regulation • Filed twice as many anti-trust lawsuits than TR • Passed the Mann-Elkins Act to increase the powers of the ICC 2. Children’s Bureau • Investigated and publicized problems with child labor 3. Conservation Continued • Created the Bureau of Mines to regulate mining companies • Expanded the National Forests • Protected waterpower sources from private development

17. C. Election of 1912 1. Republican Party Splits • TR unhappy with Taft’s policies decides to challenge him for the Republican nomination • Taft’s supporters lock TR out of Republican National Convention 2. TR and the Progressive Party • TR starts his own political party based on the ideals of progressivism • Known as the Bull Moose Party 3. New Nationalism vs. New Freedom • Democrats nominate Woodrow Wilson • TR develops a progressive agenda that he calls New Nationalism • Woodrow Wilson also promotes his own progressive agenda called the New Freedom • With the Republican Party votes split between Taft and TR, Woodrow Wilson and the Democrats take the White House

18. D. Wilson’s Progressive Agenda: Attacking the Triple Wall of Privilege 1. Tariff Reform • Passed the Underwood Tariff ; lowered the tax on imports by half • Led to the passage of the 16th Amendment which created a permanent federal income tax 2. Trusts • Passed the Clayton Antitrust Act to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act • Protected the rights of workers to form labor unions; Samuel Gompers referred to it as the “Magna Carta of Labor” • Created the Federal Trade Commission to regulate American businesses and take to court companies that hurt competition 3. Treasury System • US had not had a central bank since the 1830s • Wilson established the Federal Reserve system to provide stability to the economy by controlling interest rates and the amount of money in circulation

19. D. The Legacy of Progressivism 1. Americans came to expect the government to play a more active role in the economy and in solving social problems 2. Failed to address civil rights/civil liberties issues -NAACP -Anti Defamation League