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Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21

Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21. Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century Crisis. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises. European wars 1600s, 1700s Dutch v Spanish/Portuguese In America and Asia British v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700s

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Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850 Chapter 21

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  1. Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750-1850Chapter 21

  2. Prelude to Revolution: The Eighteenth Century Crisis

  3. Colonial Wars and Fiscal Crises • European wars 1600s, 1700s • Dutch v Spanish/Portuguese • In America and Asia • British v. Dutch in 1600s and 1700s • Seven Years War (1756-1763) • Money issues • Where will it come from?

  4. The Enlightenment and the Old Order • Apply Scientific Revolution to _____. • John Locke • Reasonable people • Natural rights • Limited government • If government fails then……. • Jean Jacques Rousseau • Minimum control • Subordinate to community • Hatred for all forms of political and economic oppression

  5. Atheists and radicals • Voltaire • Monarchy • Patronized Enlightenment • Catherine the Great of Russia • Frederick the Great of Prussia • Women were instrumental • Enlightenment was popular to the ____ • America • Benjamin Franklin

  6. Folk Cultures and Popular Protest • Most Europeans did not.. • Protests in Europe • Taxes • Revolution and Riches

  7. The American Revolution, 1775-1800

  8. Frontiers and Taxes • After 1763 England had two problems: • Amerindian raids in PA and VA • Proclamation of 1763- • Quebec Act of 1774 • New Taxes • Stamp Act • Townshend Act • Boycotts • Protests • “Sons of Liberty”

  9. “Boston Massacre” 1770 • East Indian Company’s monopoly on ___ • Tea Tax • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • 1. • 2.

  10. The Course of Revolution1775-1783 • Continental Congress • Currency and army • G. Washington • Rhetoric of independence • Common Sense • Declaration of Independence • Patriots and Loyalists • Slaves • Amerindians

  11. Allies • France in 1778 • War ends in 1778 with victory in Yorktown, VA with Washington’s defeat of General Cornwallis • Treaty of Paris 1783

  12. The Construction of Republican Institutions, to 1800 • Articles of Confederation • Constitutional Convention 1787 • Minority vote

  13. The French Revolution

  14. The French Society and Fiscal Crisis • French society was divided into 3 groups: • First, Second, • and Third Estate • Bourgeoisie • Peasants, merchants, artisans • Taxes led to ____

  15. Protests Turns to Revolution, 1789-1792 • Meeting of Estates General • New taxes • National Assembly • Popular sovereignty • King called for the arrest of the National Assembly; As it set forth its position in the Declaration of the Rights of Man

  16. Parisian market women marched on Versailles and captured the king and his family. • The National Assembly passed a new _____ that limited the power of the monarchy and restructured French politics and society. • When Austria and Prussia threatened to intervene, the National Assembly declared war in 1791.

  17. The Terror, 1793-1794 • National Convention • Jacobins • “Mountain” faction • Maximillien Robespierre • Actions against clergy approved • Reign of Terror • Ended in 1794 with his arrest and execution

  18. Reaction and Dictatorship • The Directory • What signaled the end of the republican phase of the revolution? • Popular authoritarianism was confirmed with the reign of _________ in 1799.

  19. Napoleon's reform • Concordat of 1801 • Civil Code of 1804 • Emperor • Restriction • Women • Speech • Alliances defeat Napoleon in 1814

  20. Revolution Spreads, Conservatives Respond, 1789-1850

  21. The Haitian Revolution • Saint Dominque • Rich and brutal • Instability in France led to.. • Slave Rebellion in 1794 • Francois Dominique Toussaint L’Ouverture • Independence 1804 • Economy

  22. The Congress of Vienna and Conservative Retrenchment, 1815-1820 • Congress of Vienna • Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria met in Vienna. • Goal: • Result: • “Holy Alliance” • Repress liberal and nationalist ideas • Spain and Italy

  23. Nationalism, Reform, and Revolution1821-1850 • Popular support for national _________ and ________ reform grew throughout Europe. • Greece • France • Democratic reform movements • U.S- War of 1812 • Britain- Corn Laws

  24. Revolutions in 1848 • France • Monarchy overthrown and replaced • Other revolutions in Europe failed

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