1. SPREAD OF THE COLD WAR Chapter 16.3

2. atomic bomb NUCLEAR AGE • The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. • Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. ‘who could build the most nuclear weapons.’ • U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “deterrent” • Peace through strength…… • “nuclear diplomacy”

3. The Arms Race:A “Missile Gap?” • The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. • Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

5. Brinkmanship • Belief that only going to the brink of war would protect the U.S. from going to war with the Soviet Union. • U.S. would threaten mass retaliation with Soviet Union in order to try to get them to back off.

6. Suez Crisis • Egypt’s president Gamal Abdel Nasser tried to construct a dam on the Nile River. • U.S. and Britain offered to pay for project but Nasser began communicating with Soviet Union and Recognized the People’s Republic of China. • Eisenhower administration withdrew its offer.

7. Suez Crisis • In Response, Nasser Nationalized the Suez Canal making it under government control. • Before it was managed by the British and French and protected with British armed forces. • This threatened the flow of Middle Eastern oil to Europe.

8. Suez Crisis • Britain and France teamed up with Israel to try to get the land back without consulting the U.S. • President Eisenhower did not like this and refused to support them. • As a result of lack of U.S. support, Britain, France, and Israel were forced to withdraw its troops.

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10. Eisenhower Doctrine • Stated that the U.S. would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.

11. CIA • Central Intelligence Agency- 1947 • Intelligence gathering organization. • 1953 helped install a new government in Iran and in 1954 same thing in Guatemala • Both helped to place anticommunist leaders in power and also created long term resentment toward U.S.

12. The Race for Space

13. 1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I • Facts on Sputnik • Aluminum sphere, 23 inches in diameter weighing 184 pounds with four steel antennae emitting radio signals. • Launched Oct. 4, 1957 • Stayed in orbit 92 days, until Jan. 4, 1958

14. 1957 Russians launch SPUTNIK I • Effects on the United States • Americans fear a Soviet attack with missile technology • Americans resolved to regain technological superiority over the Soviet Union • In July 1958, President Eisenhower created NASA or National Space and Aeronautics Agency • 1958 -->National Defense Education Act

15. Effects of Sputnik on United States • Atomic Anxieties: • “Duck-and-Cover Generation” • Atomic Testing: • Between July 16, 1945 and Sept. 23, 1992, the United States conducted 1,054 official nuclear tests, most of them at the Nevada Test Site. Americans began building underground bomb shelters and cities had underground fallout shelters.

17. Cold War Technology • 1948- Microwave • 1946- Computer • 1948- Hang Glider • 1958- Nuclear Energy Plant • 1960- Communications Satellite • 1970s- Smoke Detector • 1980s- Global Positioning System