Economy: British Rule

1. Economy: British Rule Correction of handout

2. 1. List 3 reasons that contributed to the fall of New France. • -colony had a deficit (imports exceeded exports) • -large territory that was difficult to defend • -France did not help the colony during the inter-colonial wars (too expensive)

3. 2. What were the elements of change and continuity under the Royal Proclamation? • Change: fur trade is now under British control • Continuity: Britain’s policy was similar to French Mercantilism.

4. 3. In your own words describe mercantilism under British Rule. • Province of Québec sold raw materials (fur, timber, wheat) to the mother country at a good price. Great Britain turned these raw materials into finished products and sold them to other countries (in Europe and around the world) at a profit.

5. 4. In your own words define protectionism. • Purchasing resources from within the British Empire in order to protect the British economy from foreign competition.

6. 5. In your own words define preferential tariffs. • Lower custom duties on products imported from the colonies. This gave British colonies an economic advantage when trading with the mother country (Britain).

7. 6. How were the Royal Proclamation and The Québec Act beneficial to the fur trade? • Royal Proclamation: beneficial to the fur trade because land was reserved for the fur trade (Indian Territories). • Québec Act: beneficial to the fur trade because Québec was given the Ohio River Valley which is rich in furs.

8. 7. What 2 factors contributed to the fall of the fur trade? • -decline in the European demand for furs • -HBC & NWC merged and HBC now had a monopoly, so the natives only had one company to sell its furs to • - timer trade

9. 8. After the fall of the fur trade, what industry became important? List three reasons for the growth of this industry. • -In the early 1800s Napoleon blocked Britain’s access to timber in Europe, so Britain had to look elsewhere for timber. • -Government established preferential tariffs for timber. This encouraged merchants to develop the timber industry. • -The growth of shipyards created a demand for timber.

10. 9. What secondary activities developed because of the timber trade? • Saw mills, naval construction and building construction.

11. 10. Explain how the timber trade led to the colonization of new regions. • New regions like The Outaouis, Mauricie and Saguenay regions were developed because they had lots of trees and were close to important waterways which were important for water energy and transportation.

12. 11. What continues to be the main occupation for most people living in Lower Canada in the early 19th century? • Farming/Agriculture

13. 12. Explain the purpose of the family farm. • The family farm fed the family and the surplus was sold to make money.

14. 13. How did preferential tariffs stimulate (boost) agricultural production? • The government established preferential tariffs on wheat which encouraged and stimulated wheat production.

15. 14. List 3 changes in agriculture under British Rule. • -better/more efficient agricultural tools • -new areas of colonization were developed (Upper Canada) • -new system of land division, the township system

16. 15. What forced farmers to diversify their crops in the first half of the 19th century? • Bad weather and poor soils led to a decline in wheat production. Farmers had to find new ways to make money so they started growing different crops (oats, barley, potatoes and dairy production became important).

17. 16. Explain the distribution of agricultural surpluses under British Rule. • Farmers produce agricultural goods and sell their surpluses to villages, parishes and rural regions. Villages, parishes and rural regions sold their surpluses to cities in the colony. Lastly, cities in the colony sold their surpluses to areas outside the colony (Great Britain, other British colonies and the USA).

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