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Africa after the New Kingdom

Africa after the New Kingdom. Unit 1, Day 1. Kush Rule over Egypt. Egyptian pharaoh's began loosing power. They could not rule over Kush …this gave Kush the opportunity to rule themselves. They moved their capital to Napata. Why do you think Egypt became weaker?. Kush Rule over Egypt.

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Africa after the New Kingdom

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  1. Africa after the New Kingdom Unit 1, Day 1

  2. Kush Rule over Egypt • Egyptian pharaoh's began loosing power. • They could not rule over Kush…this gave Kush the opportunity to rule themselves. • They moved their capital to Napata.

  3. Why do you think Egypt became weaker?

  4. Kush Rule over Egypt • Egypt kept getting weaker while Kush became stronger. • Eventually in 710 BCE, a Kushite pharaoh took over Egypt. • They ruled for 50 years.

  5. And then it ended… • In 671 BCE, the Assyrians took over Egypt. • Kushitesjust moved further south and began building a new capital in Meroe.

  6. The Assyrians had iron tools…where do you think they learned that from?

  7. Meroe • Kingdom of Kush– located in modern day Sudan. • This city was at the center of old Kush trade routes. • This time period in African history is called Meroitic Period (270 BCE to 330 CE)

  8. Meroe • Became Africa’s leader in iron making. • Caravans stopped in Meroe and people from Asia, India, southern Africa and western Africa traded goods.

  9. Describe how trade and iron contributed to the importance of Meroe.

  10. Meroe • Kushite people kept many of their old ways from Egypt, but eventually they developed their own culture. • Kushite women were allowed to participate in government and even go to battle.

  11. Why is it interesting that Kushite women were afforded rights?

  12. The Rise of Axum • Trading began to happen by sea and Meroe was no longer as important to trading. • Axum was located on the coast of the Red Sea in present day Ethiopia • In 300 CE, Ezana, king of Axum, invaded and took over Meroe. • Ezana took Meroe as his capital.

  13. The Rise of Axum • Axum became very wealthy and gained importance. • At the same time, Meroe lost importance. • By 500 CE, Meroe culture was completely gone.

  14. Why did Meroe’s culture eventually disappear?

  15. The Nok People • There were other civilizations in Africa, but Historians know little about these other civilizations. • Very little is known about the Nok People who lived in what is today Nigeria between 900 BCE and 200 CE.

  16. What other civilization does this sound like?

  17. The Nok People • Scientists and Historians do not even know what these people called themselves. • The name Nok comes from a town where many artifacts have been found.

  18. What other Ancient Civilization is this like?

  19. The Nok People • What we do know is that • they could most likely work with iron and tin. • they knew how to make terracotta. • they used terracotta to make statues…the most famous of these are of peoples faces.

  20. How do historians and scientists know these things?

  21. China’s Empire and Religion Unit 2, Day 2

  22. After the Zhou • After the Zhou dynasty fell started a period called the Warring states. • States went to war for control of China.

  23. Qin Dynasty • Lasted for 15 years under Shi Huangdi • Built roads and improved Chinese language • Built the Great Wall of China

  24. Qin Dynasty • But… • He also burned books so people couldn’t learn • He killed people for the smallest reasons • This lead to a civil war. • Eventually he died (210 BCE) and was buried in a huge tomb. • He was burried with life size clay statues.

  25. The Han • Last 400 years. • Nicer than the Qin Dynasty • Set up examination system for government jobs. • China was big at this time…60 million people

  26. The Han Inventions • Wrote the first dictionary • Water mills • Porcelain • First to trade with the West on the Silk Road

  27. Fall of the Hans • Gap between rich and poor • Huns attacked • Eventually they fell out of power and never regained it.

  28. Religion in China • Philosophies came out of the Warring States • People wanted to find meaning in the turbulence. • Yin and Yang • Yin: darkness and weakness • Yang: brightness and strength • When they are balanced there would be peace

  29. Confucianism • Kong Fuzi lived during the Warring States. • Few people listened to him during his time, but later, people began to pay attention to him. • The Qin Dynasty did not like Confucianism…so they killed teachers and burned books.

  30. Confuciansim • Overall goal is to motivate people to be • Self-motivated • Self-controlled • And able to assume responsibilities • Confucian System: • In the beginning there is nothing • Yin and Yang • Interaction of Yin and Yang causes change • There needs to be order and this is only able after you find truth. • Official philosophy during Han dynasty

  31. Taoism • Began during the Warring States as a counter to Confucianism. • Lao-tzu is credited with founding the philosophy. • Tao teChing: book followers use.

  32. Taoism • Tao means “way”: it is the cosmic, mysterious, and ultimate principle underlying form, substance, being, and change • People should look to nature to see how to live. • Yin and Yang in everything. • Virtue is natural to people.

  33. Taoism • Think of a river. The water follows the easiest route. It always goes to the lowest point. Over time it wears away rocks. • People shouldn’t work too hard. They should not worry about having power. They should not worry about getting rich.

  34. Indian Empires and Religion Unit 2, Day 3

  35. Alexander the Great • We’ll talk about him next week, but for now.... • He arose out of Greek civilization and tried to conquer all of the known world. • This meant India as well. • Today, our story starts after he has left in 322 BCE...

  36. Mauryan Empire • ChandraguptaMaurya united many smaller kingdoms in India. • Some say he had an army of 700,000 men and 9,000 elephants. • His army defeated the Greeks that were left over from Alexander.

  37. Mauryan Empire • He then founded India’s first Empire. • It was divided into three provinces. • The capital was in Pataliputra on the Ganges River. • Emperor Chandragupta built a massive, beautiful palace.

  38. Mauryan Empire • 237 BCE, Asoka (Chandragupta’s grandson) took over. • He was a fierce warrior, but after one battle, he became a pacifist. • He practiced ahimsa, or never hurting others. • This lead to him founding hospitals and stopping the killing of animals. • He spent the rest of his life promoting peace and spreading Buddhism.

  39. Mauryan Empire • In 232 BCE, Asoka died and his sons fought for control. • By 180 BCE, the empire had fallen apart after invaders attacked. • For the next 500 years there were many small kingdoms. • The invaders were assimilated into Indian society.

  40. Gupta Empire • Started around 320 CE and lasted 200 years. • The empire was centered in the Ganges River Valley.

  41. Gupta Empire • These Emperors supported the religion of the Aryans. • They called this religion Hinduism.

  42. Gupta Golden Age • Before this, the Indians mainly copied Greeks. During this time, they created their own style of art. • It was during this time that the famous Buddha statue was created.

  43. Gupta Golden Age • They used a number system using 1-9 and zero (the Maya’s and them were the first) • They studied the stars and movement of planets, knew the size of the moon. • They “discovered” gravity. • They knew how to cure diseases and heal broken bones.

  44. Gupta Empire • Ended slowly... • Huns (the ones who attacked Rome, which we’ll get to, not the ones who attacked China) invaded India and took over the northern India in 480 CE. • By 500 CE, the Gupta ruled no more of India.

  45. Remember back to the Aryans • They brought the caste system as part of their religion and the Vedas (holy books). • What is the caste system? Could people move from one caste to another? Could they marry someone from one caste to another?

  46. Hinduism • The only way to move castes: reincarnation. • Reincarnation is when a person lives a good life, they will be reborn into a higher caste, if a person lives a bad life, they will be reborn into a lower caste. • You can even be reborn into animals...thus all animals have human souls.

  47. Hinduism • The pattern of birth, death, rebirth continues until a person lives a perfect life. • At this time the soul is not reborn, but becomes part of one great spirit.

  48. Hinduism • Three most important Gods: • Brahma: created the world • Vishnu: preserves life • Shiva: destroyer

  49. Buddhism • SiddarthaGautama (the man we know as Buddha) sought what caused pain in the world. • He taught the Four Nobel Truth(1) Life is full of pain and suffering(2) Pain is caused by greedy desire(3) Pain will end when we stop being greedy (4) This can be done by living the right way

  50. Buddhism • To live right you must follow the eightfold path:(1) Right beliefs/views about life(2) Right wishes and thoughts(3) Right actions(4) Right speech(5) Right work(6) Right Effort(7) Right Mindfulness(8) Right Mood

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