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Citing and Using Sources

Citing and Using Sources. Where does your research come from?. Finding Good Sources. Why Use Sources.

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Citing and Using Sources

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  1. Citing and Using Sources Where does your research come from?

  2. Finding Good Sources

  3. Why Use Sources • The use of sources is what separates a research paper from other kinds of writing. Your paper needs documentation and evidence, but it also needs to take part in the conversation that other researchers are having about the topic. Acknowledging sources is a way of helping your reader hear and understand this conversation. It should also help readers recognize how your voice, as student, writer, and researcher, differs from the rest. • http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/integrating.html

  4. How To Use Sources • Quote - This method should be used the least, but remember that any time you use the exact wording found in a source it needs to be "quoted," like that. Use only when the source has written something in an interesting/distinctive way that you can't live up to with your own words. • Paraphrase - Putting an excerpt from a source in your own words, rephrasing but not shortening it. • Summarize - Boiling an excerpt down to its essential points, like describing an entire book in one or two sentences.

  5. Quoting, Paraphrasing, Summarizing • All three of these methods of using sources require a citation! • See the MLA Handbook (7th Edition) or the Bedford Handbook for information on how to do this. • MLA is the required citation style at PEP.

  6. Quoting • Limit block quotes (long, direct quotations from a source) as much as possible. • Introducing and commenting on every quotation, paraphrase, and summary makes it easier to distinguish your voice from the source's.

  7. Dropped Quotes • Don't do this: "A quotation from a source without any explanation." It's called a dropped quote, it just sits in a paragraph on its own. Always explain where a quotation is from and why it's interesting. Analyze its language and explain its relevance to the research question you are pursuing.

  8. Summaries • Summaries are handy when you need to explain a lot of sources in a small space, to help the reader understand the background of your topic. Choose your words carefully to emphasize the most relevant aspects of longer passages.

  9. Introducing quotes • Some good introductory phrases are: • X  has pointed out…According to X… • X has made it clear that… • X insists that… • Although X says…, • X explains… • X, a doctor of radiology from Harvard, says… • X says, suggests, states,or writes… • http://www.roanestate.edu/owl/Research.html

  10. Choosing Good Sources • In order to write a paper that will do an acceptable job of proving your thesis, you will need to find some good sources and use them well. Following are some tips to help you to discern between good and poor sources.

  11. Research Tip No. 1 • Choose a variety of mediums for your sources; a mixture of Internet research, professional journals, books, and newspaper articles work well. • When completing your research paper, you do not want to rely solely on one type of source. If you have a wide-variety of research material that supports your position and discredits the opposing point of view or thesis, you case will be much stronger.

  12. Research Tip No. 2 • Know the difference between primary and secondary sources; use as many primary sources as you can find. • Secondary resources rely heavily on the research and experiences of others while primary sources include first-hand research and experiences. Use primary sources as much as possible.

  13. Research Tip No. 3 • Make good use of references you might find in professional journals, books, or other articles. • Most articles in professional journals and/or peer-reviewed research publications will normally include long lists of references. Often, these references are primary sources.

  14. Research Tip No. 4 • Keep your research organized. • Using index cards and highlighters to organize your research efforts will help the actual writing of your paper go much more smoothly. In addition, the more organized your research, the easier it will be to compile and then present the information in a coherent manne

  15. Research Tip No. 5 • Realize that you will have to go to the library at some point. • As tempted as you may be to try and do all of your research on-line, it isn’t a wise decision. Recognize that you will have to go to the library at some point in order to flesh out your research.

  16. Research Tip No. 6 • Know the difference between acceptable and unacceptable Internet research. • Acceptable Internet research includes professional on-line journals, professional on-line articles that have been peer reviewed, and information published on-line by professional organizations. You will not want to rely on sources such as plagiarism sites, term paper sites, and self-published blogs.

  17. Research Tip No. 7 • Severely limit your use of encyclopedias, especially your use of Internet encyclopedias such as Wikipedia.org; they should only be used in very specific circumstances. • You should only use information from encyclopedias as a way to either illustrate a point or provide the reader with information on a concept or technique that is not well known. Encyclopedias should not be used as your primary source for research, even if it did suffice in elementary school.

  18. Research Tip No. 8 • Know how to cite sources before you begin. The MLA Handbook, Bedford Handbook, a research librarian, or college English department websites (the owl at Purdue University) can all give you the basics and multiple examples of MLA style. There is no excuse for improper documentation.

  19. Research Tip No. 9 • f you can, use your search to disprove an argument against your thesis statement. • This tip should provide you with an alternative to solely locating sources that completely support your position, which isn't always easy to find. It will also prove a compelling argument for your thesis.

  20. Research Tip No. 10 • Always do more research than you will need for your research paper. • Most students completely stop doing research once they have located the requisite number of sources required by their instructors. This is nonsense. By doing a bit of additional research above and beyond what is required, you will be able to create a solid research paper that deserves a good grade. • http://voices.yahoo.com/10-tips-choosing-good-sources-research-236514.html

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