Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsAliphaticStraight and Branched Alkanes
AlkanesAt the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Define an alkane Name, write and draw various alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
Familiar Sayings The individual of the class aves, arriving before the appointed time, seizes the invertebrate animal of the group vermes. The early bird catches the worm!
What are Alkanes? • Saturated hydrocarbons • Can be straight or with branches • The general formula for each alkane is: • (CnH2n+2)
Some Simple Alkanes(CnH2n+2) 2-methyl-propane
Materials in Your Kit Make certain your kit contains the following in the right location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned to your lab drawer. 10 black spheres - carbon \ small side 2 blue spheres - nitrogen / 28 yellow spheres - hydrogen \ 6 red spheres - oxygen \ 4 green spheres - chlorine \ large side 2 orange spheres - bromine / or fluorine / (all colors 2 purple spheres - iodine / together)
Materials in Your Kit Place all of these materials in the center section of your kit. 30 small wooden pegs - H bonds only \ 10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds \ 9 metal springs - double or triple bonds / or stress bonds /
Grading The first student lab team that has the structure correct will be initialed by me and receive an extra one-half point. These students will then have their names placed on the board and will be teaching assistants for that organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and initial the structures of other lab teams. Each structure that is designed and named by you is worth 0.5 points. It is best if you put your constructions in the box lid to carry to the instructor or the teaching assistant for that structure. The following is the grading criteria:
Grading 1 point = graded by the instructor and perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade and assist with only one structure (RWT with a + ) 0.5 points = other perfect scores (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0.5 points = (assistants can only give this) 0 points = wrong pegs were used (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0 points = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong name (RWT or other initials of student assistants)
Calvin’s Thoughts on the Season:
Name Side Chains as Alkyl Groups
A.P. TEST IN MUSIC Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and perform it with flute and drum. You may use the flute that you received in third grade.
Find The Longest Chain With The Greatest Number Of Substituents Not pentane!!
Look for Longest Chain with Most Substituents Number the Longest Chain so the Substituents have the Lowest Numbers
The IUPAC Rules Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters
Examples: Complete Structure 2-methylpropane Skeletal Structure C-C-C | C CH3-CH-CH3 | CH3 CondensedStructure
Examples: 3-ethylheptane CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 | CH3-CH2 2,7-dimethylnonane CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3 | | CH3CH3
7th Grade Science Answers "Mushrooms always grow in damp places and so they look like umbrellas."
Examples: 4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane CH3 CH3 CH3 | | | CH3--CH--CH2---C---CH--CH2--CH2--CH3 | CH3-CH2
Examples: 3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane CH3 CH3 | | CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 | | | | CH3-----C-----C-----C-----C-----CH3 | | | | CH3CH2CH2CH3 | | CH3 CH3
AlkanesLet’s see if you can: Define an alkane Name, write and draw various alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
The n-Alkanes home heating alcohol production kerosene ~ 12 gas grills flick your bic dry cleaners 5-6 motor oil ~ 16 gasoline 7-9 petroleum jelly 20 tar ~ 25 wax ~ 40
Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following: All are “pentanes”
Try Naming this One:
Another Why - Maxine Why isn't the number 11 pronounced onety-one?
The IUPAC Rules Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters
Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsAliphaticBranched AlkanesIsomers
Isomers of AlkanesAt the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: Define an isomer Name, write and draw various isomers of alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
Definition: Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure. These structures will have completely different properties.
Examples of Isomers of Butane: All Compounds are C4H10 butane 2-methylpropane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH3 | CH3 1,1-dimethylethane CH3 | CH3-CH | CH3 2-methylpropane
Familiar Sayings Compute not your immature gallinaceans prior to their being produced. Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched!!
Examples of Isomers of Pentane: All Compounds are C5H12 pentane 2-methylbutane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH3 | CH3 2,2-dimethylpropane CH3 | CH3-C-CH3 | CH3 What about 3-methylbutane?
Bill Gates' RulesHere is a list of 11 things that many high school and college graduates did not learn in school. In his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel-good, politically-correct teachings created a full generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this concept has set them up for failure in the real world. RULE 11 Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.
Classification of H’s & C’s
Bonus Problem:
Another Tough One:
Isomers of AlkanesLet’s see if you can: Define an isomer Name, write and draw various isomers of alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following: For All Hexanes Hexane 2-methylpentane 3-methylpentane 4-methylpentane 2, 3-dimethylbutane 2, 2-dimethylbutane 2-ethylbutane
Definition: Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure. These structures will have completely different properties. Let’s see if you can build and name some isomers now!!
The IUPAC Rules Find the longest carbon chain and name that chain Number the chain so the substituent groups have the lowest total position numbers Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain a name and a number Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3), tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6) Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers and letters
