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January 7, 2014

January 7, 2014. Agenda. Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Widely regarded as the “cradle of civilization,”. Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), go from hunter-gatherer society to agricultural (farming). Physical Geography – Europe Mesopotamia is Greek for “land between two rivers .”

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January 7, 2014

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  1. January 7, 2014 Agenda • Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent • Widely regarded as the “cradle of civilization,” Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), go from hunter-gatherer society to agricultural (farming) Physical Geography – Europe Mesopotamia is Greek for “land between two rivers.” Sumerians (3500 to 2300 B.C.), the developers of writing Babylon (1792-1595 B.C.), led by Hammurabi, who developed the eye-for-an-eye legal code Assyria(883-612 B.C.), the masters of warfare and the first people to effectively use chariots. The culture of Mesopotamia spread to Palestine, Greece and Rome and became components of our culture today.

  2. Warm-Up • What type of landforms might isolate cultures from each other?

  3. Europe Physical Geography Map

  4. Current Europe Political Map

  5. Current Physical and Political Map of Europe -Layers of Information

  6. Mountains • Alps • Apennine • Balkan • Pyrenees • Serve as a barrier • Isolate cultures

  7. Peninsulas • Peninsula – a piece of land nearly surrounded on all sides by water • Northern • Scandinavian • Jutland • Southern • Iberian • Italian • Balkan • How would being surrounded/near water affect way of life?

  8. Oceans and Seas • North Sea • Bay of Biscay • Mediterranean Sea • Adriatic Sea • Baltic Sea • Norwegian Sea • Black Sea • Aegean Sea • English Channel

  9. Rivers Benefits • transport goods between interior and coastal cities • Aided movement of ideas

  10. Danube • Touches 9 countries • Connects to central Europe to Russia and Middle East

  11. Rhine River • Connects Central Europe to England

  12. Northern European Plain • One of World’s most Fertile Regions • Flatness, provided an easy entrance for invaders throughout History.

  13. Unique Features • Fjords • Steep valley’s carved by Glaciers and then filled with seawater • Polders • Land in the Netherlands that is drained and dried • Canals • City of Venice made up of Islands • Boat is primary source of travel

  14. FJORDS

  15. How do you create a Polder?

  16. Zuider Zee • The Dutch built a dike across its entrance. • It gradually became a freshwater lake. • Allowed Dutch to reclaim once flooded land.

  17. Zuiderzee - Video (7 min.) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6v4yjEmrqRg

  18. Resources • Coal and Iron • Large supply • Peat – partially decayed plant matter used in Ireland burned as an energy source • Oil • Found in the North Sea • Land • 33% Suitable for Agriculture • World average is 11%

  19. Major Factors that influence climate in Europe • Ocean Currents • North Atlantic Drift • Warm water current that moderates the temperature • Winds • Mistral – cold wind from North • Sirocco – Warm wind from Africa • Mountains • Block winds and moisture Prevailing westerlies (wind) blow West to East

  20. Key Terms + Main Ideas Review • Physical Geography is responsible for: • Isolating cultures • Varied Climates • Humans have had to adapt by: • Becoming excellent sailors • Living in unique areas • Venice - Canals • Netherlands – Polders

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