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THE COLD WAR

THE COLD WAR. ORIGINS – 1917 WW II- ENEMY OF MY ENEMY U.S. VS. THEM ARMS RACE NUKE POWER CONFLICTS HOME FRONT SPACE RACE AND INVENTIONS. A WAR OF IDEALOGIES . DEMOCRACY

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THE COLD WAR

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  1. THE COLD WAR • ORIGINS – 1917 • WW II- ENEMY OF MY ENEMY • U.S. VS. THEM • ARMS RACE NUKE POWER • CONFLICTS • HOME FRONT • SPACE RACE AND INVENTIONS

  2. A WAR OF IDEALOGIES DEMOCRACY A GOVERNMENT BY THE PEOPLE – RULE OF THE MAJORITY – SUPREME POWER IS VESTED IN THE PEOPLE AND EXERCISED DIRECTLY AND INDERICTLY THROUGH A SYSTEM OF REPRESENTATION BY ELECTED OFFICIALS THROUGH FREE ELECTIONS IT IS A LIVING BREATHING ENTITY AND IS FLEXIBLE ENOUGH TO GROW STRONGER WITH EACH GENERATION – IT IS ADAPTABLE

  3. The Counter Ideology COMMUNISM A TOTALITARIAN SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SINGLE AUTHORITARIAN PARTY CONTROLS STATE OWNED MEANS OF PRODUCTION – IT IS THE FINAL STAGE OF MARXIST THEIRY WHEN THE STATE IS GONE AND ALL ECONOMIC GOODS A DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY ANTI – CAPITALISM – ANTI - INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM

  4. U.S. END OF WW II • America left the war stronger than when they entered • Cost 405,000 deaths • Controlled 50%of the worlds wealth • Pride in the defense of freedom and democracy

  5. U.S.S.R. END WW II • Western Soviet Union destroyed by 1945 • 20 million Soviets died in the war • Left 25 million homeless • Developed buffer states – in eastern Europe

  6. U.S. military did not trust the Soviets 1918 Brest Litovsk 1939 non-aggression pact Stalin’s purges 1930’s U.S. Generals saw Stalin as a greater threat to freedom U.S.S.R. did not like 1917 intervention U.S. would not recognize them until 1933 U.S. did not attack Germany until 1944 Evils of Capitalism Enemy of my Enemy (Germany)

  7. Yalta Conference • The Big three • Stalin declared war on Japan • Soviets support UN April 25th 1945 • Argued how Germany should be treated • Soviet Control of Eastern Europe

  8. East vs. West • Potsdam Agreement • Kennan and Containment-1946 • Iron Curtain – Churchill- 1946 • Truman Doctrine-47- • Marshall Plan- 1947 domino theory • Berlin Airlift - 1948

  9. Divided Germany 1946 Berlin becomes the symbol against communism for America- German and Americans begin a long friendship – WW II hatred is forgotten by 1948

  10. NATO 1949 U.S. CANADA 10 EUROPEAN NATIONS JOINED If the Soviets attack a NATO nation then they the will have WAR with the U.S. Warsaw Pact Developed by Stalin in 1955 to counter NATO Soviet – Eastern European Alliance WW III would be fought in Germany The World Divided 1949 & 55

  11. Possible return to depression Taft Hartly Act – no unions Republican Congress 15million returning vets GI Bill – 8 million go to college VA gave out 16 billion in house and farm loans Created long 20 year economic boom 1950-70 Women took over ¼ of the workforce U.S. Home Front

  12. Massive military production Doubled our consumption of oil Massive highways built Power cables ran across the U.S. Farming went from 15% before WWII to 2% of Pop. By 1990we could feed the world Families moved and separated – society began to raise kids – Dr Spock. How to parent Post war growth

  13. 1940’s 50’s FHA and VA loans – gave GI’s and the middle class ability to leave cities – segregated America Whites left for Suburbs – Black migrated to and filled the cities Baby Boom Money jobs and a strong economy fueld marriages and child birth 1945-1950 50 million babies born Post War families

  14. Baby Boom • 1940-50’s canned baby food market • 1960’s teenagers clothing and music market • 1970’s clothing industry shifted in material and sizes • 1980’s yuppies and crowded job market BMW status • 1990’s secondary boom of children • 2000’s no more social security

  15. Red Hunt • 1947 Truman’s loyalty program – 3000 Govt. employees resigned • 1938 HUAC In 1948 Richard Nixon and Joseph McCarthy v. Alger Hiss (New Dealer 5 years jail)

  16. Red Scare • Conservatives in states went after “commies”believed that social change lead by REDS – books burned – debtors, drinkers,atheists homosexuals, all were security risks.

  17. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg • Convicted of espionage 1951 • June 17th Supreme Court grants stay of execution June 19th overturns stay • Electrocuted 1953 • 1990 Proof from Russia of guilt gave Russia the A- BOMB

  18. Spy ring proof

  19. 1948 election • South Anti Truman Dixicrats and Strom Thurmond • Ex Vie President Wallace • Truman V. Dewey • Chicago Tribune said Dewey WON • Split vote Democrats take congress as well

  20. Japan – the buffer zone • Macarthur in charge new constitution and U.S. Military protection – angered the Soviets – as he made Japan a democracy • Tokyo trials for war crimes – 7 hanged • U.S. protection allowed Japans economy ad RD to become powerful

  21. A Third Player in the Cold War • CHINA • Jiang Jieshi Takes the U.S. backed Chinese to Taiwan • Mao Zedong Leads the Communist to power in China – different from USSR

  22. KOREAN CONFLICT 1950-53 • JAPANESE OCCUPIED IN WW II • DIVIDED U.S. & USSR. 38TH ]] • JUNE 25TH North Korea invaded South Korea – swept to seoul

  23. U.S. AND UN. FORCES CHOOSE TO FIGHT SEPT 15TH INCHON LANDING NOVEMBER COMMUNIST TROOPS PUSHED TO CHINESE BORDER MACARTHUR ORDER ATTACKS ON BRIDGES IN CHINA MACARTHUR IGNORES CHINA MILLIONS OF CHINESE ATTACK DRIVE BACK TO 38TH]] The Conflict

  24. LIMITED CONFLICT • TRUMAN WANTED PEACEFULL END ONCE CHINA ENTERED • MACARTHUR = NUKE CHINA • CRITICIZED TRUMAN • FIRED APRIL 1951

  25. 1952 election • Ike VP Nixon vs. Adli Stevenson • Televised campaign Ike first to use TV • Ike Promised to go to Korea • Ike a war hero • Red Scare popular (Nixon/ McCarthy) • Truman fired Macarthur • 442 electoral votes to 80 Ike Nixon Win

  26. End of Korean Conflict • 1952 Ike believed his general abilities could end war • 1953 Ike threatens to A-Bomb N Korea • Peaces is made • Cost – 10’s of billions – 54,000 U.S. KIA • Return to pre war status quo 38II • Communism contained

  27. Ike Administration Goals • Balance Budget • Deport Mexicans “Operation Wetbacks” at the Mexican government request • Stop American slide to socialism end free polio vaccine -Anti New Deal • Developed Interstate Hwy System $27 billion • Arms race

  28. Nikita Khrushchev • Hero of Stalingrad • Replaced Stalin in 1953 • Faced off in the nuclear age with Ike • Believed in a peaceful coexistence but began the nuclear arms race

  29. THE RACE BEGINS Under IKE • ARMS RACE – 1953 50.4 BILLION APPROVED FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE • M.A.D. • MISSLE GAP • SPUTNIK-NEW RACE BEGINS

  30. WHAT THE RACE WAS ABOUT BUILT NOT TO USE

  31. OTHER DELIEVERY SYSTEMS • Nuclear powered subs came into existence • Launch nuclear missiles from anywhere in the world land on target in 10 minutes • Conventional build up

  32. Strategic Air Command • SAC over Navy and Army • Developed under Ike Boeing B-52 developed Air Force One • 1950’s – 1990’s • SAC flew 24 hours a day 7 days a week • To ensure we could strike USSR if they launched

  33. Ike on the Home front • 1952-1960 post industrial era 1st time the white collar worker outnumbered the blue collar • Decline of Unions in the US (red Scare) • 25% of the homes in the US built in 1950 • Science and Technology research expanded • 1948 invention of transistor would give us the Computer

  34. 1950’s culture • Those who were 8-14 in 1956 would be raised in an environment that would bring about the culture shift in the 1960’s • Conservative life and the constant “hearing of what life was like in the depression” • College became the way to freedom and a move away from the parents.

  35. Two types of womenFeminist v. Cult of domesticity • Women begin to surge into the workforce • 1950-80 40 million new jobs 30 million to women “Pink Collar” clerical and service • Betty Friedan Wrote Feminine Mystique encouraged women to work • Leave it to Beaver and Ozzy and Harriet

  36. Leave it to Beaver • 1957-1963 • What the Suburban looked like • Stay at home mom 2 kids and a 9 – 5 working dad

  37. Culture Shift • 1948 First MacDonald's in CA. by 1953 became the golden Arches first and largest Food franchise • 1949 Dinners club credit card introduced “buy now pay later” • 1955 Disneyland opens up “The Big Rat”

  38. MacDonald's

  39. Birth of TV • Changed American Culture • Brought News Sports and entertainment into the home – Helped the Govt. and Public on reforms and public opinion

  40. TV • 1951 7 million Americans had one 442 channels up from 6 in 1946 by 1960 all Americans households had one • Business saw it has a new medium to sell spent $10 billion a year in advertising • Movie theaters and closed radio sales declined -

  41. Conflicting morals in the medium of entertainment and sports • The birth of Television evangelists Billy Graham and Oral Roberts thousands tune into them • Elvis Presley revolutionized music and the sexual movement of rock and roll 1935-77 • Marilyn Monroe brought sex to Hollywood • Playboy a gentlemen's magazine is created 1955-

  42. Changing Times

  43. End Of McCarthy • Ike used the Red Scare to get in office and Nixon was his VP - Publicly liked McCarthy privately despised him • 1950 accused Sec State Dean Acheson a democrat accused of hiring 205 communists • Attacked free speech and expression and ruined thousands of careers of writers and actors attacked Democrats only

  44. McCarthy • Republican • Senator from Wisconsin • Leader of Red Scare with Nixon • Attacked the U.S. Army on TV public opinion turned died a drunk

  45. Desegregation under IKE • A do nothing president on the topic left it up to the Supreme Court which he did not like • 15 million blacks in the U.S. in 1950 2/3rds in the South • Jim Crowe laws and separate facilities in the South • 20% could vote in the Deep South

  46. Desegregation under IKE • South turned violent in 50’s • In the North integration was starting – Sports Jackie Robinson – no separate facilities just neighborhoods • 1944 white primary in Texas unconstitutional • 1950 NAACP Sweat v Painter segreagsated schools not equal

  47. Civil Rights for Blacks begins • 1954 Chief Justice Warren Brown v Board of education overturned 1896 Plessey • 1955 Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott • 1957 Little Rock Gov Fabius v Ike • SCLC created unite the black churches in movement sponsored by MLK

  48. Civil Rights for Blacks begins • 1960 Birth of black sit in’s Greensboro NC Woolworth diner – all white restaurant – first day 4 students 2nd day 82 end of the week thousands throughout the state • SNCC student non-violent coordinating committee

  49. Cold War in the Middle East • Europe had stabilized with Germany as the scene battlefield • Iran 1953– rich in oil and leaning toward Red – CIA lead coup overthrew Govt. Mohammad Raza Pahlevi becomes Shah of Iran last until 1979 – when the Islamic revolution overthrew the Shah and became ANTI-American

  50. Middle East • Egypt – President Nasser wanted to build a dam on the Nile for irrigation U.S. U.K. offered to help – Nasser flirted with Soviets and West cut off aid.

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