Chapter 6 International Relations

1. Chapter 6International Relations

2. International Agreements • What is and international agreement? • An agreement between two or more different nations

3. Why do we need International Agreements? • Raw materials (oil, wood, metals) • Military protection

4. Why do we need International Agreements? • Finished goods (TVs, Toys made in China) • Human labor (jobs)

5. What are different types of Methods to help countries get along? • Treaties • Trade Agreements • Summit Meetings • Diplomacy • Isolationism • Neutrality

6. Different types of AgreementsTreaties • Used to improve relationships • Ambassadors are countries representatives to help negotiate • There are 3 types of treaties: • Political • Economic • Military

7. Treaties: Political • Political treaties say what political rights each nation has. Help with territory disputes and human rights

8. Treaties: Economic • Economic treaties regulate the flow of business, goods and services

9. Treaties: Military • Military treaties come about in times of war and peace. • In peace time they can form groups like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to protect each other • What are treaties for after wars?

10. Different types of AgreementsTrade Agreements • Are agreements between nations and relate to the import and export of goods and services • Nations trade because each benefit • You may trade for food you cannot grow at home • Why wouldn’t you trade with someone?

11. Different types of AgreementsSummit Meetings • Are when the highest political leaders of a country come together to discuss international affairs • What might they talk about?

12. Different types of AgreementsDiplomacy • Is the ability to interact and communicate with members and representatives of different countries • What would a diplomatic person be like and be worried about?

13. Different types of AgreementsDiplomacy (continued) • Ambassadors are diplomatic representatives of one country that live in another country and have the skills required for diplomacy • They represent their country while away from home • Where do they live in the other country?

14. Different types of AgreementsIsolationism • Is when a country does not want to be involved in world matters militarily, politically or economically • It is hard to survive like this today because countries are so dependent on trade with each other • Who is isolationist today?

15. Different types of AgreementsIsolationism • Sometimes countries cannot stay neutral like the US in World War 2. • We let Germany and Japan take lots of land with little resistance and we faced a serious threat when we joined the war

16. Different types of AgreementsNeutrality • Is a policy which a nation refuses to take a side in a conflict • The policy has great advantages because a neutral country can serve as “referee” between the hostile nations • Switzerland has historically refused to take sides in conflicts and has been the site for many important meetings for hostile nations

17. True or False Review • There are 6 basic types of treaties made with foreign governments • False – there are 3 types (Political, economic, and military) • Isolationism is when ambassadors decide to make a trade agreement • False – you want to be completely uninvolved with the world • An embassy is a physical location where an ambassador lives and works • True • Political treaties resolve disputes between nations over territory, human rights, and environmental issues • True • Neutrality is not necessary when trying to negotiate agreements between nations • True – it is not “necessary” but it does help to be like a “referee”

18. Impact of U.S. Foreign Policy positions on the world

19. Foundations of the US Foreign Policy • What did Washington’s Farewell Address say? • Neutral with other countries issues • Have not permanent alliances with other world nations • His policy is not a leading principle in the world today and may not be practical or possible • What did the US go to?

20. Foreign Policy Tools • The US has strong international policies that affect many other nations • What are 3 types of policies? • These military policies will overlap each other • The Chinese government does not respect the human rights of its people (political) so the US will not trade with them (economic)

21. Foreign Policy Tools • The US plays a major role in peacekeeping because of our military and economic strength • Events so not directly affect US but we step into situations that go against our beliefs of • Democracy • Human rights – rights individuals receive at birth • Our National Security

22. Foreign Policy Tools • Foreign aid • Giving assistance economically, militarily or with humanitarian aid • Could be physical labor, machinery, money, medicine, weapons, etc.

23. Foreign Policy Tools • We also help in Times of Crisis • Aftermath of a natural disaster • Tsunami in Japan or Earthquakes in Haiti • Epidemics • AIDS in Africa • Tremendous economic downturn • Invasion from another country • Kuwait getting invaded by Iraq

24. Foreign Policy Tools • Trade Embargos and sanctions • Why would we place a trade embargo on someone? • Do they really work?

25. Foreign Policy Tools • Protectionism is a policy of either banning imported goods or limiting the amount (quota) that will be accepted into the US • Why put tariffs or quotas on anything?

26. Foreign Policy Tools • Terrorism is a strong focus of the US • What is the reason the US is a terrorist target? • 9/11 and The Gulf Wars strategic interest

27. Review • What is it called when the US tries to limit foreign competition? • protectionism • What is a restriction on goods imported or exported in the country? • quota • What is taking hostages and example of? • terrorism • What is it when countries place restrictions on a country to get them to obey international law? • sanctions • What is it called when a country acts for its own advantage? • Strategic interest

28. Effects of international events on the US • Not every country shares the same beliefs as the US • All countries develop differently and can effect each other

29. Effects of international events on the US • Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev and glasnost • Why would you lock yourself away? • What effects would this have on the world?

30. Effects of international events on the US • The Cold War and Berlin Wall • The Cold War was a time of political and military tension between the US and Soviet Union where not fighting actually occured

31. Effects of international events on the US • NAFTA, What does it stand for • North American Free Trade Agreement, Who does it involve? • Canada, the US and Mexico • What is the goal and what is the fear?

32. Review • Glasnost • Berlin Wall • NAFTA • Mikhail Gorbachev • Cold War • The Russian leader who opened up the soviet union • North American “free-trade zone • When the Soviet Union Started to Reconstruct itself • Political and military tension with US and USSR • Barrier dividing Germany

33. Economic, Technological and Cultural Influence of the US on the World • Standard of Living, high or low? • What are some things that people here have that others might not?

34. Fridge, plumbing, heating, air • Health care

35. Grocery store • Transportation

36. Own vehicles • entertainment

37. Freedoms • Vote • Religion • Education • information

38. Other Influences and advances • Economy • Technology • Medicine • Trends

39. Review True or False • The US does little to help with the overall development of other nations • False • Most people have the same standard of living all over the world • False • Cultural trends of the US tend to be adopted by some other countries. • True