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Good Morning. Turn in test corrections Pass back papers Get Questions from ½ piece of paper (front). Warm Up. Describe the causes of imperialism What were 3 reasons for the success of imperialism? How did people oppose imperialism? Describe different forms of imperial rule . Video Clip.

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  1. Good Morning • Turn in test corrections • Pass back papers • Get Questions from ½ piece of paper (front)

  2. Warm Up Describe the causes of imperialism What were 3 reasons for the success of imperialism? How did people oppose imperialism? Describe different forms of imperial rule

  3. Video Clip • Discovery Education – 2 min

  4. Africa • Answer questions starting on page 319

  5. North Africa • Sahara Desert • Fertile land along Mediterranean Sea • This region was part of the Muslim world • In the early 1800’s, much of this region was under Ottoman control

  6. Islamic Crusades in West Africa • By the early 1800’s, an Islamic revival spread across West Africa • UsmandanFodio encouraged people to rise up against the Europeans • He and his followers set up a powerful Islamic state in Northern Nigeria • Literacy increased • Local wars declined • Trade improved • Inspired other Muslim reform movements in West Africa

  7. East Africa • Islam had long influenced East Africa • Slaves were captured and shipped to the Middle East • Ivory and copper were traded with India for cloth and firearms

  8. Southern Africa • In the 1800’s, the Zulus were a major force • They waged relentless wars and conquered many nearby peoples under Shaka Zulu • This created mass migrations and wars (chaos) • The people who migrated North and conquered the people there • In 1830, the Zulus faced the arrival of the Boers – descendants of the Dutch and fighting broke out • From Cape Colony overtaken by British • Took “Great Trek” north • Zulus eventually defeated by the technology and resources of the British

  9. Slave Trade • In the 1400’s the Portuguese established a number of trading outposts along the Africa coast • In the 1600’s the Dutch established the Cape Town settlement • Starting point of slave trade

  10. Impact of Slave Trade • Early 1800’s, European nations began to outlaw the transatlantic slave trade • Illegal trade continued through the 1800’s • The slave trade continued to Asia • Some people helped freed slaves resettle in Africa • 1787 Britain organized Sierra Leone in West Africa as a colony for freed slaves • Freed African Americans settled in nearby Liberia

  11. European Contact Increases • European explorers began pushing into the interior of Africa • Explorers like Richard Burton mapped it out • Missionaries followed explorers • Catholics and Protestants • Built schools, churches and medical clinics • They saw them as children in need of guidance • They urged them to give up their traditions in favor of Western civilization

  12. Livingstone Blazes a Trail • Dr. David Livingstone • Explorer and missionary • Explores Africa • Writes about the people with sympathy and less bias than others

  13. Warm Up Find your new seats: look on board for the color your name will be in • What were the causes of imperialism? • Explain why was it able to spread? • Summarize the geography of Africa

  14. A Scramble for Colonies • King Leopold II of Belgium • Arranged trade treaties with African leaders • Civilizing mission • He dreamed of conquest and profit • His activities in the Congo region set off a scramble by other nations

  15. Berlin Conference • To avoid war • European powers met at an international conference in 1884 • Berlin, Germany • No Africans were invited • Results • If claim a territory should inform the other powers • Annexation effective with occupation • Governments needed to be set up • The map of Africa was redrawn without consideration for traditional patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries

  16. Horrors in the Congo • Leopold and other wealthy Belgians exploited the riches of the Congo • Copper, rubber, ivory • Belgian overseers brutalized villagers • Forced to work for almost nothing • Beaten or mutilated • Overall population decline drastically

  17. France Extends its Influence • Algeria (North) • Tunisia (along Mediterranean Sea) • Colonies in West and South Africa

  18. Britain takes its Share • More scattered areas than the French • Heavily populated areas with many resources • Egypt • West and East Africa • The Boer War • Gold and diamonds • 1899-1902 • Guerilla War • British won at a cost • Combined Cape Colony and Boer lands into the Union of South Africa

  19. Cecil Rhodes and the Boer War • Cecil Rhodes was instrumental in assuring British dominance in Southern Africa • He founded the De Beers Mining Company • Controlled 90% of the world’s diamond production • Prime Minister of Cape Colony • Wanted railroad from Cape to Cairo • The Boers resisted (Boer War)

  20. Others Join the Scramble • Portuguese: Angola and Mozambique • Italy: Libya and horn of Africa • Germany: East and Southwestern Africa

  21. Africans Resist • Europeans met resistance across continent • British battled Zulus in southern Africa and the Asante in western Africa • The Algerians battled the French • East Africa fought the Germans • Ethiopia and Liberia preserve their independence

  22. A New African Elite Emerges • Western educated • Upper class • Admired western ways and rejected their own culture

  23. Tribalism • Because European nations carved Africa up with no regard to traditional boundaries, Africa still suffers from Tribalism • Modern African nations often have different tribes that have bad feelings towards each other • Civil wars

  24. Map • Turn to page 321 • Imperialism in Africa to 1914 • In which part of Africa were most of France’s colonies? • How did imperialism in Africa in 1850 compare with that in 1914?

  25. Biography: Menelik II • Turn to page 324 • How did Menelik preserve Ethiopian independence?

  26. Resisting Imperialism “if it be friendship that you desire, then I am ready for it…but to be your subject, that I cannot be…I do not fall at your feet, for you are God’s creature just as I am” Chief Machemba to a German officer • How does Chief Machemba perceive himself? • How does the German officer probably perceive Chief Machemba • How do you think Africans responded to imperialism?

  27. Closure • Africa Political Cartoon

  28. Biography: Cecil Rhodes • Turn to page 396 • Let’s read about Cecil Rhodes! • How was Cecil Rhodes desire for power illustrated by his actions?

  29. An Asante King • Turn to page 398 • A king of the Asante people in Ghana sits surrounded by his people • What do the clothes of the man to the left of the king suggest about his social rank?

  30. On Trial for My Country • Turn to page 399 • Novel • Fictional account of a conversation between King Lobengula and his father • Why did the king want to avoid fighting the British? • How does the author show that his father disagreed with his son’s decision?

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