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Translation - Transliteration

Translation - Transliteration. Most of the words in English versions are translated A few are transliterated . E.g.: Baptism Allelujah Places: Bethel ; Galilee ; Rome Sheol , Hades , Gehenna. KJV. KJV translators varied translations of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna

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Translation - Transliteration

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  1. Translation - Transliteration • Most of the words in English versions are translated • A few are transliterated. E.g.: • Baptism • Allelujah • Places: • Bethel; Galilee; Rome • Sheol, Hades, Gehenna

  2. KJV • KJV translators varied translations of Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna • KJV OT translates Sheol: “grave” 31x; “hell” 31x, and “the pit” 3x • ASV consistently uses “Sheol” • Another word means grave • KJV NT: Hades is “Hell” (some 10x) • NKJV: Hades is “Hades”

  3. ISheol(64x in OT) • Gn.37:35 • “Whither men descend at death”(BDB, 982) • Sheol: where disembodied spirits go after death • NKJV: the grave • ASV, NASB, ESV: Sheol • Ps.16:10, Sheol

  4. IIHades(11x in NT) • Ac.2:27…31-35 • Jesus alone fulfilled this prophecy: His soul in Sheol; His body in the tomb; they reunite before corruption can occur • OT Sheol = NT Hades • Ac.2:27…31 • neither-nor statement; distinguishes between the HE and His FLESH • The Prophecy: HE = SOUL • If soul dies, how could it be in Hades?

  5. Lk.23:42-43, unexpected benefits • Crucifixion victims often lingered for days • This day, he will enter Paradise • Persian loan word: a king’s garden • Rv.2:7 • a “garden” whose trees are more blessed than those in Eden (Gn.2:8), Gethsemane (Jn.18:1, 26), or near Calvary (Jn.19:41) • If the robber died and ceased to exist, how could he be in paradise?

  6. Ph.1:21-24, a synonymous expression to Hades • Depart (2 Tim.4:8) . . . be w. Christ • Was Paul hard pressed whether it was better to be nothing or to stay on earth preaching the gospel? • If the dead are unconscious, the wicked and righteous are the same • Could an unconscious person enjoy the presence of Christ? • If the dead merely enter the grave, then Paul found Christ in the grave (Ac.2:31)

  7. IIIGehenna(12x in NT) • Mt.10:28 • We must avoid word-history fallacy: • Mk.3:17, sons of thunder • 2 Co.12:4, paradise • Jer.7:30-33, valley of Hinnom • Bodies of criminals burned here • Is Gehenna a literal valley outside Jerusalem? • Jd.7, Sodom & Gomorrah • Do the wicked go to Sodom…?

  8. The soul is not the body, Mt.10:28 • In this passage – • Soulcannot mean body • Jesus distinguishes soul and body • Ja.5:19-20 • Soulcannot mean animal life • Animal life ceases at death • Soul lives, though the body ceases to function • Ac.7:59

  9. The spirit is not the body, Ec.12:7 • In this passage it is – • NOT air that is breathed • NOT the act of breathing that returns to God. (Jn.13:21; 1 Pt.3:4) • NOT mere physical life, because it does not return to God, but ceases • The spirit returnsto God. Ac.9:39 • The body returns to the earth. Ac.9:40

  10. Destroy does not mean annihilation, Mt.10:28 • “To devote or give over to eternal misery…by one’s conduct to cause another to lose eternal salvation … to incur the loss of true or eternal life; to be delivered up to eternal misery”(Th., 64). • “Metaph., of loss of eternal life”(A-S, 52) • If destroy means annihilation, and the soul is the body, then to kill the body is to kill (annihilate) the soul (Mt.10:28) • If so, why did Jesus say the opposite?

  11. “Destroy” (part 2) • Mt.2:13 • Would his body cease to exist? • Mt.10:6 • Annihilated sheep? • Lk.15:17 • DEAD = separation fr. the father (24) • ALIVE = union w. the father (24) • PERISHand LOST = same as death (17, 24)

  12. “Destroy” (part 3) • 1 Co.1:18 • the perishing are onthewaytoperish (eternal misery). Lk.8:24; 15:17 • Hb.10:28-29, punishment worsethandeath! • If death is annihilation, how possible? • Mt.26:24 • Ps.116:15 • If wicked are annihilated, the righteous suffer more in this life than the wicked in eternity!

  13. Punishment • Punishment cannot be effective unless it is experienced • Mt.8:6 • “Torture…torment, harass”(BDAG, 168) • Verse 29 • Rv.20:10 • Rv.14:11 • “infliction of severe suffering or pain associated w. torture or torment”(BDAG, 168)

  14. Punishment(part 2) • Mt.25:46 (41), eternal punishment • What word shows that the future happiness of the righteous is unending? • Mt.25:41, 46 – same word describes the punishment of the wicked • 2 Pt.2:4, 9 • Something that does not exist cannot be kept under punishment! • Penalize, punish (BDAG, 554f.) [1 Pt.2:20]

  15. IVLessons • There is life after death. Lk.20:38 • Take sin seriously – God does! Ja.3:6 • Make whatever sacrifice is necessary to save your soul. Mt.16:26

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