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New Technologies for Rural Accessibility

New Technologies for Rural Accessibility. Introduction to ITU-D Focus Group 7’s Final Report INFOETHICS2000 Yasuhiko KAWASUMI November 13, 2000, Paris <www7.itu.int/itudfg7>. Focus Group 7 Background. Focus Group 7 Background. Topic of study formulated at WTDC98 (Valleta, Malta)

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New Technologies for Rural Accessibility

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  1. New Technologies for Rural Accessibility Introduction to ITU-D Focus Group 7’s Final Report INFOETHICS2000 Yasuhiko KAWASUMI November 13, 2000, Paris <www7.itu.int/itudfg7> SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  2. Focus Group 7 Background Focus Group 7 Background • Topic of study formulated at WTDC98 (Valleta, Malta) • “Study various mechanism by which to promote the development of new telecommunication technologies for rural applications” • Funded by a Voluntary Contribution from the Government of Japan SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  3. FG7 Activities 1999 - 2000 • Case Library: 57 project reports collected and available on-line • FG7 Web Site: Over 1000 visitors from more than 60 countries • Number of FG7 registered members: 81 • Discussion groups via email, archived on-line SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  4. Collection of Case Reports on; • a)ongoing projects using technologies specially designed for rural areas of developing countries including Multipurpose Community Tele-center, Telemedicine and Tele-education; • b)planned projects that make new combinations linked with WLL networks; • c)examples of how equipment has been adapted for use in particular, harsh climatic or other conditions of remote and rural areas, such as solar powered telephone SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  5. Focus Group aimed; • a)to select those types of project or system that have social or economic importance but limited commercial profitability, so that the ITU can focus special support upon such projects in helping to develop technology for rural applications; • b)to list new measures to be taken by ITU-D to encourage manufacturers and relevant organizations to create technology tailored to developing countries; • c)among those measure, to recommend priorities that ITU-D should follow to help achieve the development of technology for rural applications. SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  6. Characteristics of Rural Areas • - scarcity of absence of public facilities such as reliable electricity supply, water, access roads and regular transport; • -scarcity of technical personnel • -  difficult topographical conditions, e.g. lakes, rivers, hills, mountains or desserts which render the construction of telecommunications networks very costly • -  severe climatic conditions that make critical demands on the equipment • - low level of economic activity mainly based on agriculture, fishing, handicrafts, etc.; • -   low per capita income • - underdeveloped social infrastructure(health, education, etc): • -   low population density; SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  7. FG7 Findings: Applications Women in Mozambique listening to broadcasts on a clockwork-powered radio Source: Freeplay Foundation SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  8. Disadvantage of Rural Areas • a)Low educational level, high illiteracy rate • b)Hardly any job opportunities • c)Low income per capita and per family • d)Increasing migration of the young to urban • centers • e)Unreliable and badly functioning public • transport • f)Irregular, if any, power supply • g)Poor health care and medical services • h)Lack of other government services • i)Little participation in national affairs SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  9. Community and Business Development Applications Multipurpose Community Telecenters (MCTs) Telephone-based Interactive Voice Response (IVR) Three access options for delivering relevant information to rural communities over the PSTN (Source: RiSTi - Telkom Indonesia) Equipment layout at the Valle de Angeles MCT SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  10. Telemedicine Electrocardiogram monitor that transmits patient data over a regular telephone line Videophone Telemedicine in Indonesia SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  11. Tele-education New Skies Satellite African Virtual University Uplink Facility (Washington D.C., Europe, Canada Content Provider (university or studio) Partner Institutions (Africa) Classroom Classroom AVU classroom at the Ethiopian Civil Service College (left) SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  12. Trends in rural applications • Specialized expertise used to design applications in education, health care, administration, etc. • Widespread adoption of Internet platform and multimedia content • Presence of multiple actors: PTOs, Governments, NGOs, UN Agencies • Lack of telecom connectivity still #1 barrier in rural areas SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  13. FG7 Findings: Technologies SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  14. Wireless Access Technologies • GSM 400 • IMT-2000 • Wireless routers • Two-way satellite Internet access EXISTING EMERGING • VHF radio • PMP/Cordless WLL • VSAT • Digital satellite radio SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  15. TDMA 2.4 GHz PHS WLL 1.9 GHz Remote Tower NMS Remote Tower Local Exchange with V5.2 interface Radio Unit Base Station (control part) Base Station (radio part) Remote Station Fixed Station Source: Japan Radio Company, Ltd New Wireless Combinations Example: Point-to-Multipoint / PHS - Wireless Local Loop SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  16. Wireless IP-Based Networks at PSTN Edge WAN link over rough terrain Wireless IP Phone Network Gateway to PSTN SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  17. Solar Power Micro Hydro Powering rural and remote telecom installations Wind Energy SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  18. Device Typical power Typical use consumption per day (hours) (watts) Black and white TV 12 - 18 2 - 6 Colour TV 40 - 120 2 - 6 Video casette player 20 - 40 1 - 4 Radio cassette player w/speakers 5 - 80 2 - 12 Desktop computer and monitor 350 - 500 4 - 8 Laptop computer 20 - 40 4 - 8 Two-way radio (standby) 5 - 10 12 Two-way radio (transmitting) 40 - 50 0.5 - 3 Fax/answering machine 30 - 60 continuous Source: World Bank, Users' Guide to Off-Grid Energy Solutions. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/off_grid Meeting small-scale rural power requirements SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  19. Taking advantage of low-cost multimedia devices Price Range for Low-End Multimedia Devices,September 2000 PC + monitor $1000 HandheldComputer $800 Cellular Phone DigitalSatelliteRadio $600 Retail Prices, US$ $400 EmailAppliance $200 $0 SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  20. Providing rural access to information through client/server computing The client/server model is the design paradigm of the World Wide Web. SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  21. Lowering the technical skills barrier using information appliances To install a pre-configured email appliance: To install PC-based email: • connect hard disk drive, monitor, keyboard and mouse • plug computer & monitor into 110/220 AC outlet • boot up the hard drive • navigate the file management system • install email software • configure dial-up access number, modem rate, SMTP server, etc. • insert batteries • plug in telephone line • turn on machine SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  22. Source: Byte Magazine, www.byte.com Shifting hardware and software maintenance to urban areas using thin client networks SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  23. Guidelines for Rural ICTs • Modularity and scalability • Use of wireless technologies • Low frequency bands • Remote network management • Simple configuration & operation 16. Guidelines for rural ICT designers I SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  24. Guidelines for Rural ICTs (con’t.) • Accessible user interface • Long life cycle • Multi-user terminals • Standards compliance • Low power requirements SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  25. Barriers in Question • Coordination of Frequencies under 1GHz with regional and national authorities; • Concern about the high license fee for frequency spectrum; • International Charging Arrangements for Internet Services(ICAIS) SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  26. 4. Focus Group Recommendations SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  27. Focus Group 7 Recommendations 1. Promote the development of low-cost information appliances for rural use. 2. Create a renewable energy handbook on small-scale power systems for rural ICTs. 3. Increase collaboration with microfinance organizations to develop communication-based rural businesses and applications. 4. Conduct pilot projects of packet-based wireless access infrastructure for multimedia applications. 5. Maintain and expand FG7 Web site. 6. Hold a symposium on new technologies for rural applications. SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  28. Conclusions • The goal of “Missing Link” report in 1985; “To bring telephone service within the easy reach of all humankind” • As the gap of “haves” and “have-nots” are closing, new gaps are widening • The new goal of the ITU Secretary General “To bring internet services to all humankind within a decade in the new millennium” SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  29. Conclusions-cont’d • 1)Choice of technology for rural access is one of the key issues. • 2)Linking suppliers and implementers on the web. By providing the comprehensive catalogue with contact information is useful • 3) Shared use concept is useful for making ICT terminals and facilities at community centers available at affordable cost. • 4)Wireless access system such as FWA, VSATs are effective means of establishing infrastructure in rural areas; less cost and easy installation over the wired system. SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  30. Conclusions-cont’d • 5)IP based network is more economical and flexible than circuit switched network. Emerging packet based wireless access technologies such as IMT-2000 and wireless routers, are being designed to deliver wide range of traffic types more efficiently than traditional wired and cellular telephony network. SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

  31. Conclusions-cont’d • 6)Collaboration for promotion of rural projects among multi-actors such as PTO’s, Governments, UN Agencies, and NGOs etc. should be encouraged. • 7) Participation of women and the youth for promotion of information access for rural community should be encouraged. • 8) Visit to <www7.itu.int/itudfg7> SG2 Focus Group 7 Final Report Presentation Geneva, 21 September 2000

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