Autonomous driving : French policy update

1. Autonomous driving :French policy update F-US roundtable Connected and autonomous vehicles : a State of Play Washington, DC, January 8, 2017 Xavier Delache

2. Outline • Background : industry roadmap • Organisational overview • State of play of test policy • Overview of pre-regulatory work

3. Background : French industry roadmap (2014) • Objectives • Survey and coordinate local initiatives • Elaborate a communication strategy • Assess socio-economic, safety impact & acceptability • Provide appropriate test facilities • Demonstrate safety impacts • Adapt regulatory framework for experiments • Adapt regulatory framework for market uptake • Develop an insurance system • Develop drivers’ training

4. Industry roadmap : research « hot zones » • Perception, detection and data fusion • Decision-making algorithms • Mapping • Connectivity • HMI • Data system boundaries • Behavioral inputs for algorithms • Systems reliability • Test systems for algorithms • Simulators

5. Industry roadmap : use cases (1/2)

6. Industry roadmap : use cases (2/2)

7. Organisational overview : national • Strategic High Level Group • Directors General for Transport + Energy + Industry + Interior • National strategy + overall coordination of tasks • Pre-regulatory Task force • Administrations and technical departments • Use-case analysis regarding their main safety challenges • Technical coordination previous to international fora • Technical coordination with industry • Tests inter-administrative group • Administrations and technical departments • Tests authorisations and follow-up • Preparation of future test regulation • Prospective participatory workshop • Public + industry + academia + NGO’s • Elaboration of disruptive and questionning scenarii • Industry roadmap groups • Various working groups, driven by use cases

8. Organisational overview : european context • Franco-german cooperation (29 september 2016) • Impact assessement (safety, fluidity, mobility, environment) • Common test needs • Digital cross border test bed • European groups and projects • Gear 2030 – WG 2 • E.g. : connectivity ; financing tools and priorities ; liability ; road safety ; tests ; vehicle-type-approval • C-ITS platform • use cases for automation and public transport in urban areas  • Automotive and telecommunication alliance • Value-added connection functionnalities and capacities (ITS G5, 4 G, LTE-V2X, 5G) to mature automation use cases

9. State of play of test policy (1/3) • Regulatory framework • Ordinance on automated vehicles experimentation (3rd august 2016) • Objectives (Law on Energy transition, july 2015) : to allow circulation on public roads of vehicles with partial or total delegated driving, be they particular cars, freight vehicles or public transport vehicles, for experimentation purposes, in conditions that ensure safety for all users and providing, if necessary, an appropriate responsability framework • Circulation of vehicles with partial or full driving delegation • for test purposes • on open roads • is submitted to an authorisation, • aimed at safeguarding safety • issued by the Minister of Transport • after advice of the Minister for the Interior • and, when appropriate, after advice of relevant road, police and transit authorities • Autorisations’ conditions and follow-up are set by decree • (in preparation)

10. State of play of test policy (2/3) • Overview of experimentations : • Passengers cars : • highway with low traffic or traffic jam situation • level 3/4 SAE compatible • driver always in the loop • Automated shuttles : • urban and city center situations • level 4/5 SAE compatible • driver always in the loop • Experiments up to now : • pending : 7 • on going : 6 • finished : 10

11. State of play of test policy (3/3) • Main lessons learned from tests • Vehicle’s environment perception • Insertion in traffic and lane merge • Unfair bevaviors from other road users • Objects / debris partly obstructing a lane • Roadworks • Very degradated horizontal signage • Very bad visibility weather conditions • NB : safety challenges of drivers’ attention and transition phases will be documented further in next tests

12. Overview of pre-regulatory work (1/4) • Use-cases’ road-safety critical situations • Concept : situations, of significant probability and potential high adverse impacts, that autonomous functions (including perception) could face • = interactions vehicle / driver / infrastructure / traffic + road users • (reliability of autonomous systems is out of scope) • References – similar approaches : • UN-ECE vehicle’s regulation (R 79) : ~ system boundaries • NHTSA guidance : ~ Object and Event Detection and Response • Objectives • Prepare UN-ECE and EU regulation and discussions • Vehicles regulation (R 79 ) • NB : cf. ongoing parties' consultation on the possibility of the revised Vienna convention to cover automation use cases • Support fruitful dialogue with industry • Identify ± critical use cases • Provide guidance for testing

13. Overview of pre-regulatory work (2/4) • Methodology • Two-dimensions analysis approach • Driving Situations • Infrastructure • Current driving objectives (eg: lane changing maneuvers - straight lane or curve) • Level of Traffic • Events to consider • Events related to road signage • Events related to the use of infrastructure • …… • => Assessments criteria • Criticity based on ISO 26262 • Level of automation (SAE levels from 0 to 5)

14. Overview of pre-regulatory work (3/4)

15. Overview of pre-regulatory work (4/4) • Expected focuses and outputs • Specific needs for safety analysis and/or tests for type approval • Minimal risk and safety manouevres triggering conditions • HMI’s (warning) functionnalities in critical situations • Event data recording needs • Driver’s information needs • Priority macro-use cases to be screened • Highway pilot • Parking valet • Shuttle

16. Autonomous driving :French policy updateQuestions ? Thank you Xavier Delache