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Kinds of Bonds

Kinds of Bonds. Chemical Bonding. Chemical Bonds are formed when atoms gain , lose , or share electrons. Ionic Bonding. An ion is a charged particle – it has a different number of electrons than protons An ionic bond is the attractive force between the opposite charges of the ions.

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Kinds of Bonds

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  1. Kinds of Bonds

  2. Chemical Bonding Chemical Bondsare formed when atoms gain, lose, or share electrons

  3. Ionic Bonding • An ion is a charged particle – it has a different number of electrons than protons • An ionic bondis the attractive force between the opposite charges of the ions

  4. Ionic Bonding

  5. Types of Ions • A cationhas a positive charge • An anion has a negative charge

  6. Ionic Bond Formation • Ionic substances form crystals because they connect to all of the neighboring opposite charges.

  7. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Hardand brittle • Solid at room temperature • Have very high melting points and boiling points

  8. Properties of Ionic Compounds • Can conduct electricity if heated to a liquid state • Can conduct electricity if dissolved in water or some other solvent

  9. Examples • NaCl (salt) • NaF (in toothpaste) • NaOH (Drano)

  10. Covalent Bonding • A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons • A single bond contains one pair of electrons, but atoms can share multiple pairs of electrons.

  11. Covalent Bonding • Connect lone single dots of Lewis structure to show covalent bonds

  12. Covalent Properties • Some arehard and brittle but less than ionic; Others are flexible, or soft and mushy. • Can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature. • Their boiling pointsvary from -253°C to over 4800°C.

  13. Covalent Properties • Most do not conduct electricity regardless of their state of matter. • When dissolved in a solvent, they don’t conduct electricity.

  14. Examples • C12H22O11 (Sugar) • NH3 (Ammonia) • C3H8 (Propane)

  15. Metallic Bonds • A metallic bond involves an attraction between metal atoms that loosely involves many electrons. • We call this a “Sea of Electrons”

  16. Metallic Bonds • Many electrons are moving around the metal which makes the metal highly conductive to heat andelectricity.

  17. Oxidation/“Magic” Numbers • Atoms gain / lose electrons to form an ionic bond to get to the magic number of0 or 8 • Oxidation is how many electrons you will gain or lose to get to 0 or 8. (basically it’s the charge!!!)

  18. Oxidation/“Magic” Numbers

  19. Oxidation Numbers • If an atom gains electrons, it has a negative oxidation number. • If an atom loses electrons, it has a positive oxidation number.

  20. Oxidation Numbers • For Bonding: Oxidation means CHARGE!!!!!!

  21. What is the oxidation number (charge) of: H Ba S F Na Si

  22. Polyatomic Ions A polyatomic ion is a covalently bonded groupof atoms with either a positive or negative charge We will revisit this later, but understand what it is.

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