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Key Events of the Pacific War: From Pearl Harbor to Japan’s Surrender

The Pacific War saw pivotal moments that shaped its course. The bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, led by Yamamoto, resulted in significant US losses, igniting America's entry into World War II. The Bataan Death March showcased the brutality faced by POWs. The Battle of Midway marked a turning point, while the Guadalcanal campaign initiated MacArthur’s island-hopping strategy. The fierce battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were followed by the devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, culminating in Japan's surrender on September 2, 1945.

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Key Events of the Pacific War: From Pearl Harbor to Japan’s Surrender

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  1. War in the Pacific Major Events

  2. Bombing of Pearl Harbor • Dec 7, 1941 • Planned and executed by Yamamoto • Involved • 105 high-level bombers • 135 dive bombers • 81 fighters • In 2 hours • 18 warships, 188 aircrafts, 2403 servicemen were killed or destroyed

  3. Pearl Harbor continued • “a date that will live in infamy” – FDR • Brings US into World War II

  4. Bataan Death March • Dec 22, 1941 • Retreat to Bataan Peninsula • Blockaded (no food) • Apr 9, 1942 • Forced to surrender • 75,000 POWs • 12,000 US • 63,000 Filipino • To be marched 55 miles over 5 days

  5. Bataan cont. • Japanese believed disgrace in surrender • Would torture prisoners during march • No water (shot if attempted to drink) • Little food • Killed citizens who tried to help • Hot Sun • Shot, bayonetted, beheaded as examples • 54,000 arrived at camp

  6. Battle of Midway • June 3, 1942 • Japan needed to launch air attacks on US • Plans were intercepted • As Japanese planes rearmed following initial attack US attacks • All 4 Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed • Turning Point of War in Pacific

  7. Guadalcanal • Aug 1942 – Feb 1943 • First offensive of MacArthur’s island hopping campaign • Air base • Ground, sea, air battles • Jungles were “Hell”

  8. Iwo Jima • Feb 19, 1945 – March 26, 1945 • Air base • Mt. Surabachi flag raising (4th day) • Japanese fought from elaborate network of caves, dugouts, tunnels, and underground installations • Defended with 23,000 • 210 surrendered

  9. Okinawa • April 1, 1945 – June 21, 1945 • Largest and bloodiest battle of the Pacific • Air bases • Kamikaze attacks / defensive lines / caves, pillboxes, ancient castles • Japanese suffered 200,000 casualties • ½ civilian • US suffered nearly 50,000 killed or wounded

  10. Manhattan Project • Oppenheimer • Atomic bomb • July 6, 1945 • first exploded as warning • Japanese do not respond

  11. Hiroshima • Paul Tibbets - pilot • Enola Gay - plane • Aug 6, 1945 • 70,000 - 80,000 die immediately

  12. Nagasaki • Aug 9, 1945 • 70,000 killed instantly • MANY more of the years from radiation poisoning

  13. Surrender • Aug 15, 1945 Japan surrenders • Sept. 2, 1945 official surrender • USS Missouri • V-J Day

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