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Chapter 1 ： Introduction of the Respiratory System

Chapter 1 ： Introduction of the Respiratory System. Liu Baoyi Respiratory Department of Qilu Hospital. The Aim of This Book. To provide an understanding of the respiratory system: its structure, its function, and the diseases and conditions that may affect it.

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Chapter 1 ： Introduction of the Respiratory System

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  1. Chapter 1：Introduction ofthe Respiratory System Liu Baoyi Respiratory Department of Qilu Hospital

  2. The Aim of This Book • To provide an understanding of the respiratory system: its structure, its function, and the diseases and conditions that may affect it. • To organize the material you must master, chapters with each theme based on a particular function of the respiratory system are managed.（逻辑学：求异法）

  3. WHAT IS RESPIRATION? • Spiro in Latin means “I breathe” • Respire：inspire, expire • The movement of air into and out of the lungs, which most people call（so called）breathing, is called by physiologists ventilation. • Breathing is brought about by specific structures of the body, including (but not exclusively) the lungs: macroscopic & microscopic structures, and the processes of the respiratory system.

  4. The Air around Us • Anaximenes（阿纳西门斯）：
(B.C. 585～B.C. 528)，Greecenatural philosopher。 • For Anaximenes, air was the essential element because it was neutral and because it was infinite and always in motion. Air was everywhere, and everywhere it was transformable. It could transform into every other basic element, and hence everything else in the world. • Galen(盖伦)： a lamp burning in a perforated gourd!

  5. The Flows in & out of Our Body • WHAT IS RESPIRATION? • Begins with a flow of OXYGEN IN and with a flow of CARBON DIOXIDE OUT. • This book describes the respiratory system that facilitates these flows.

  6. The Need for Respiration • Oxygen in Greek: (acid producer) • Homeostasis requires energy • We need a flow of OXYGEN IN. • More immediate importance of the removal of CO2 • Ventilation of the lungs would NOT fulfil the needs of the cells of our body alone! • ---- circulation ^_^

  7. DIFFUSION in RESPIRATION & the CIRCULATION

  8. Timing in the Circulation & Respiration

  9. Tidal Volume (VT) & Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

  10. Basic Science of Respiration

  11. Respiration = vetilation? Ventilatoin/ perfussion

  12. Symptom of respiratory disease Cough（咳嗽） Sputum (嗽痰) 《素问·病机气宜保命集》以“有痰无声”（或有微声）名之曰嗽。 Haemoptysis(咯血) Breathlessness（喘） Wheezing（哮） Dyspnea（呼吸困难） Apnea (呼吸停止) Chest pain

  13. Examination of the respiratory system • Finger clubbing: • Cyanosis • Trachea，bronchus • Inspection of the chest • Palpation • Percussion • Auscultation

  14. Looking at a chest X-rayNormal Anteroposterior CXR

  15. Normal Lateral CXR

  16. Respiratory symbols:the language of the respiratory system • V /v • P • A/a • Q • F • I • E • VT

  17. Bohr Equation • VT×PECO2 = VA×PACO2 • The Bohr effect is a physiological phenomenon first described in 1904 by the Danish physiologist Christian Bohr (father of physicist Niels Bohr and grandfather of physicist Aage Bohr)

  18. 9. To Heal：Drugs and other treatments

  19. Humidifier: Heat of Vapourization

  20. Drugs

  21. 谢谢！ 与雾霾说再见^_^

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