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The Respiratory System Chapter 22

The Respiratory System Chapter 22. Functions. Surface for gas exchange Movement of air Protection of respiratory pathways Sound production Assistance with olfaction. Conduction Zone. Respiration Zone. Respiratory Membrane. Simple squamous epithelia Pneumocytes type 1

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The Respiratory System Chapter 22

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  1. The Respiratory System Chapter 22

  2. Functions • Surface for gas exchange • Movement of air • Protection of respiratory pathways • Sound production • Assistance with olfaction

  3. Conduction Zone

  4. Respiration Zone

  5. Respiratory Membrane • Simple squamous epithelia • Pneumocytes type 1 • Pneumocytes type 2 (septal) • Alveolar macrophages • Respiratory membrane • Epithelia • Endothelia • Shared (fused) basement mebrane http://iws.collin.edu/mweis/Images/Histology/2402%20histology/Respiratory%20Histo/labeled%20resp%20histo/resp_phys_alveolus_typecells_histo_labeled.png

  6. Mechanics of Breathing(exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs) • Pulmonary ventalation maintains alveolar ventilation • Atmospheric pressure effects ventilation • Boyles Law P=1/V (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/aboyle.html) • Ventilation causes volume and pressure changes • Intrapulmonary pressure • Intrapleural pressure

  7. Mechanics of Breathing

  8. Physical Factors • Airway resistance • Alveolar surface tension • Lung Compliance • change in lung volume/change in lung pressure

  9. Gas Exchange • Dalton's Law =the partial pressure of a gas is the pressure contributed to the mixture of gases • Henry's Law =the amount of gas in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure • Partial pressures gradients drive gas exchange • Amount of gas in solution depends upon the solubility

  10. Gas Transport • Red blood cells are sacs of hemoglobin bound O2 • CO2 uses 3 methods • Conversion to carbonic acid (HCO3-) =70% • Bound to hemoglobin = 23% • Dissolved in plasma =7%

  11. Gas Transport

  12. Control of Respiration

  13. Control of Respiration

  14. Control of Respiration

  15. Control of Respiration

  16. Respiratory Adjustments • Exercise • High Altitude • Scuba Diving • Hyperbaric Chambers

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