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Chapter 15 The Respiratory System

Chapter 15 The Respiratory System. Respiration. includes the movement of air into and out of the lungs, the exchange of gases between the air and the blood, the transport of gases in the blood, and the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues. . Nose and Nasal Cavity.

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Chapter 15 The Respiratory System

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  1. Chapter 15 The Respiratory System

  2. Respiration • includes the movement of air into and out of the lungs, the exchange of gases between the air and the blood, the transport of gases in the blood, and the exchange of gases between the blood and tissues.

  3. Nose and Nasal Cavity • The bridge of the nose is bone, and most of the external nose is cartilage. • The nasal cavity. • The external nares open to the outside, and the internal nares lead to the pharynx.

  4. The nasal cavity is divided by the nasal sep­tum into right and left parts. • The paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct open into the nasal cavity. • Hairs just inside the external nares trap debris. • The nasal cavity is lined with pseudostrati­fied epithelium with cilia that traps debris and moves it to the pharynx. • The superior part of the nasal cavity contains the sensory cells for the sense of smell.

  5. Pharynx • The nasopharynx joins the nasal cavity through the internal nares and contains the opening to the auditory tube and the pharyngeal tonsils. • The oropharynx joins the oral cavity and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils. • The laryngopharynx opens into the larynx and the esophagus.

  6. Larynx • • Cartilage. • There are three unpaired cartilages. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage form most of the larynx. The epiglottis covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing. • There are six paired cartilages. • Cunneform, conrniculate, Arytenoid

  7. Cartilage

  8. Sound • Sounds are produced as the vocal cords vibrate when air passes through the larynx. • The cords produce sounds of different pitch when their length is varied.

  9. Trachea • The trachea connects the larynx to the primary bronchi. • Bronchi • The primary bronchi extend from the trachea to each lung.

  10. Lungs • The primary bronchi form the secondary bronchi, which go to each lobe of the lung The secondary bronchi form the tertiary bronchi, which go to each lobule of the lungs. • The tertiary bronchi branch many times to form the bronchioles. • The bronchioles branch to form the terminal bronchioles, which become the respiratory bronchioles, from which the alveoli branch • Cartilage helps to hold the tube system open (from the trachea to the bronchioles).

  11. Important features of the tube system. • The epithelium from the trachea to the terminal bronchioles is ciliated to facilitate removal of debris. • Smooth muscle controls the diameter of the tubes (especially the bronchioles). • The alveoli are sacs formed by simple squamous epithelium, and they facilitate diffusion of gases.

  12. Pleural Cavities • The pleural membranes surround the lungs provide protection against friction.

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