Nutrition & Healthy Living Project

1. Nutrition & Healthy Living Project Group 1 HCS Class of 2009 Mentor: Brandon Burton

2. Introduction • Nutrition is the study of the materials that nourish an organism and of the manner in which the separate components are used for maintenance. • The components that are used for maintenance are repair, growth, and reproduction. • Humans require food substances to supply the components necessary to build tissues, to repair tissues as they wear out and die, to keep the body in good working condition, and to supply food for energy.

3. In order to maintain a healthy lifestyle… • In order for a person to maintain a healthy lifestyle, one should have a well balanced diet, and by well balanced we mean one that provides the proper amounts of each of the classes of nutrients each day. • The diet should furnish a proper and not excessive amount of calories a day. • The foods that must be consumed in order to keep a well balanced diet should consists of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.

4. Other ways one can maintain a healthy living… • Healthy living includes physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual wellness or well being. • Parks and exercising facilities in an area can motivate an individual to keep exercising and maintain a healthy life style. • If one’s job or school is near their home, walking is recommended as a mode of exercise. • Stress can deteriorate an individuals life style, therefore, it is not recommended to stress out when life has its downfalls.

5. What is the food pyramid? • The food pyramid is a general guideline of what one should eat daily. The official food pyramid was created in 1992. • The overall goal of the food pyramid was to express the different food groups clearly enough so that it can be easier for people to follow. • The food pyramid consists of the different food groups that should be consumed in order to be healthy. (fats, meats and beans, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and grains)

6. The Food Pyramid

7. Obesity • Obesity is a cardio vascular disorder that is mainly caused by an excessive amount of body fat that the body produces. Body Mass Index (BMI) was introduced in order to determine if people are obese or overweight. • BMI has a set up scale for both adults and children. • When doing a physical, doctors usually determine if a patient is obese with the weight that the person currently weighs and their height. • Obesity is one of the deadliest disorders that Americans die from sue to illnesses like diabetes and cardio vascular disease.

8. Calculation of BMI • If an individual weighs 160 pounds and whose height is five feet and ten inches tall. Convert the person’s height into inches: (5 feet x 12 inches) + 10 inches = 70 inches. • Then the person’s height has to be squared: 70 x 70 = 4,900. Divide the weight by the squared height: 160/4,900 = .0326. • Finally, multiply the correcting factor of 703 since we are not using metric: .0326 x 703 = 22.9. • The BMI in this case is 22.9 and according to the scale, the person maintains a healthy weight.

9. The BMI Scale

10. Statistics on Obesity • In New York City, the majority of the people that suffer from obesity are African Americans and Latinos. There is a difference when the statistics of these groups are compared to those of Caucasians. • Colorado is considered healthiest state in the United States. However, states like Alabama, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia are populated with more people being obese.

11. Diabetes • Diabetes is mainly known to affect the minority groups like African Americans and Latinos. Also it can affect the elderly. There are two types Diabetes- Diabetes Type 1 (IDDM) and Diabetes Type 2 (NIDDM). • Diabetes Type 1 is closely related with children being affected with it and it is often called juvenile diabetes.

12. The Two Types of Diabetes • In Diabetes Type 1, insulin is not frequently produced which means that the body does not get much energy that it needs. • Insulin is the hormone that breaks down starches to make glucose which also known as energy. • Diabetes Type 2 affects individuals because in this case insulin is not made (similar to type 1) or the cells do not respond to the insulin produced.

13. The Relationship Between Obesity and Diabetes • Obesity is a risk factor that puts an individual at risk of developing diabetes. The high amounts of fat in the body affects the veins & then the cells do not receive enough glucose. • If a person is obese and diabetic there is a very high chance of the person dying. Both types of diabetes can affect main organs such as the heart, liver, and kidney.

14. Cardio Vascular Disease • Cardio Vascular Disease is characterized by a dysfunction of the heart and the blood vessels. • CVD is a condition that involves the narrowed or blocked blood vessels. It can lead to a heart attack, chest pain, and stroke. • This condition is considered to be the leading cause of death for Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, Indians, and Alaska natives.

15. Socioeconomic Factors & Demographics • Nutrition is comprised of many factors that help with building it. Socio economic factors, environment, and demographics are such. • Socioeconomic factors are determinants consisting of income, ethnicity, and community. • One’s environment can determine the type of people that live there and how they live their lives based on the stores and the facilities near by.

16. The Correlation Between Nutrition, Socio economic factors, and Demographics • It was determined that the foods that are consumed at a neighborhood may be based on the income level, ethnicities, types of grocery stores or supermarkets, and the health facilities that are present.

17. Purpose • The purpose of this project is to find the relationship between the quality and availability of food and health related conditions present in a neighborhood. We were also advised to take note of the dominant ethnic groups in the neighborhood.

18. Hypothesis • Low income areas have poorer quality and limited availability of fresh food from local food suppliers. These neighborhoods have fewer health facilities such as fitness centers, nutritional supplement retailers, and health food stores. These areas are more prone to health related illnesses and conditions; such as obesity, diabetes, and cardio vascular disease. Food retailers of natural organic products do not open businesses in low income areas due to income level, taxes, and high crime rates. Low income consumers do not patronize these businesses due to residence, lack of health education, and high prices of good quality foods.

19. Methods & Observations • The information provided relates to our project because the objective in this project is to find the quality of foods and health related conditions based on the neighborhood. • Also each student was assigned to keep a food log with his or her food intake, amount of water taken, and modes of exercise. The food logs helped us determine if the students were eating healthy, drinking enough water, and getting the proper amount of exercise.

20. Methods & Observations (cont.) • We went on site visits to different neighborhoods. Our purpose was to determine if the people in the neighborhoods were consuming the proper foods. The foods that were considered proper were from the food groups in the food pyramid. • We visited the farmer’s markets, grocery stores, and supermarkets in the boroughs of Manhattan (Washington Heights), Brooklyn, Staten Island, the Bronx, and Queens.

21. Methods & Observations (cont.) Some of the food presented at farmer’s market were not presented well and the food did not look like it was well prepared. The corner stores sold unhealthy foods and low prices which makes it easier to buy unhealthy food. The supermarkets in low income areas sold unhealthy foods aswell. (unhealthy parts of the animal and large amounts of junk food)

22. Pictures of Farmer’s Markets

23. The Purpose of Farmer’s Markets • Since 1976, staff, volunteers, and farmers have been working together in order to bring out regional agriculture to preserve farm land and ensure a continuing supply of fresh, local produce for New Yorkers. • EBT, Food Stamps, WIC, and Senior FMNP coupons are accepted at some farmer’s markets, but not all.

24. More Pictures

25. Conclusion • There is a correlation between the health related diseases and the distribution and availability of produce in the different areas. The low income areas did have a poor food availability. • There are several solutions that can be brought out in order to solve problems in the distribution of goods. More farmer’s markets can come together in order to sell their goods to the people in a neighborhood without farmers markets. Also more health facilities should be accessible to the members of a community. Educative programs can help educate families about eating healthy, going to farmer’s market to purchase high quality produce, and prevent health conditions that develop from not eating healthy foods.

26. Conclusion (cont.) There can also be a code or an inspection carried out to ensure that the food presented at food markets and how they display the food to the public. Even with the Food Pyramid available to the public, it is still hard for people to maintain a healthy lifestyle due to the different socioeconomic factors.

27. References • “Sales, Promotions & Food Consumptions”. Pub Med. Nutrition Review. 2009 Jun; 67(6): 333-342 • “Nutrition and Well Being”. A-Z Education. Delores C.S. James. New York: Mac Millan Reference. USA, 2004. 2uds. • Nutrition Research. Jan 2008. volume 28 (pg 13) • Gale Database, JSTOR, and EBSCO Host.

28. Acknowledgments Brandon Burton (Mentor) Scott and Rami (Co-mentors) Dr. Sat Bhattacharya HCS Staff Raquel Gonzalez & Esmeralda Gil And all of you for listening 

29. Questions????