French/Indian Wars The 7 Years War

1. French/Indian WarsThe 7 Years War

2. Review • New France = Mini France in North America • 13 Colonies = “Mini” England in North America These areas are involved in MERCANTILISM and the mother countries see profit ($$$$)

3. Who was involved? This war was fought all over the world • In Europe: 7 Years War • In North America: The French Indian War

6. Why the Fight? • France started colonizing areas in the Ohio Valley…where the English wanted to settle • Repeated conflict = British officially declaring war in 1756

8. What were they fighting for? Populations:British: 1.5 millionFrench: about 70,000;American Indians: about 175,000 in Northeastern North America

9. How did it start? • This was the first ‘war’ to originate in North America

10. The French found the Ohio River Valley American Indians trading with the British • • The French are given orders to take control of the Ohio River Valley • • The French began building a series of forts in the Upper Ohio River Valley • • George Washington (British soldier) was sent to deliver a message asking the French to leave. They refused. • • The French captured the “Forks of the Ohio” • • Washington was sent to build a road over the Allegheny Mountains • • Washington skirmished with the French • • The French attacked Washington at Fort Necessity • • Washington surrendered • • Braddock was sent to recapture the Forks of the Ohio • • Braddock was badly defeated

11. A view of the damage to Quebec caused by the British bombardment. Fort Necessity National Battlefield

12. What happened during the war? • Britain formally declared war on France - 1756 • French General Montcalm arrived in Canada • The French, using their American Indian allies, were successful in 1756 and 1757 • William Pitt made changes to war policies which were favorable to the colonists, and the colonists responded with overwhelming support for the war • The British captured the fortress at Louisbourg, Fort Frontenac, and Fort Duquesne in 1758 • The British made peace with the Ohio River Valley Indians in the Treaty of Easton in 1758 • In 1759, Fort Niagara, Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Quebec all fell to the British • The British began to build Fort Pitt • The fall of Montreal in 1760 ended the fighting in North America • War formally ends in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris

13. Louisbourg

16. Drawing of the Plains of Abraham by a soldier in Wolfe’s army

21. Treaty of Paris

23. Royal Proclamation Line

25. Setting the Stage…American Revolution The British took on HUGE loans to pay for war. How do you think the King of England will pay for these loans?

27. Crash Course: 7 years war