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Biological Molecules

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Biological Molecules

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    1. Biological Molecules Objectives Identify, compare, and contrast proteins, fats, and carbohydrates using biochemical tests Identify unknown amino acids using biochemical tests and Rf values

    2. Start Chromatography

    3. Chromatography

    4. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides e.g., Glucose Oligosaccharides Polymers of 2-10 monosaccharides e.g., Sucrose (glucose/fructose) Polysaccharides 10+ monosaccharides. e.g., Starch, glycogen, cellulose

    5. Proteins Composed of amino acids Each amino acid is composed of an amine group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen, and a side R group R group determines the chemical & physical differences between the different amino acids

    6. Fats Basic structure: 3 fatty acids + glycerol Fatty acid chain determines if saturated or unsaturated

    7. Biochemical Tests Carbohydrates Iodine Yellow g Black = helical polysaccharide Benedicts Blue g Red = reducing sugars Protein Biuret: Blue g Violet Bradford: Red g Blue Fats Sudan III: Red/Pink g Orange

    8. Biochemical Tests Amino acids Chromatography Further away = non-polar (more affinity to the solvent) Closer to start = polar (more affinity to water) Rf value = distance migrated / distance solvent migrated Ninhydrin (solvent) Purple = free NH2 group Yellow = no free group

    9. Chromatography

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