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Poverty and Social Inclusion

Poverty and Social Inclusion. Poverty and Social Inclusion. Course : European Social Policy Seminar Leader : Milena Jabůrková Date : 31. 3. 2008 Group : C4

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Poverty and Social Inclusion

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  1. Poverty and Social Inclusion

  2. Poverty and Social Inclusion Course: EuropeanSocialPolicy Seminar Leader: Milena Jabůrková Date: 31. 3. 2008 Group: C4 Membersofthegroup: FidlerováTereza, Kellnerová Eva, Krčmařová Martina, Liška Vít, Makovská Markéta, Zaviska Claudia

  3. Content • Definitions of poverty • Poverty measurement • Causes and conditions of poverty • Social inclusion • Poverty in the EU • Poverty in the Czech Republic

  4. Definitions of Poverty • Poverty is a multidimensional and unstable phenomenon(relative, absolute, primary, secondary, structural etc.) • Depends on context – country, family, rural/urban area, social policy etc. • Poverty – is whether households or individuals have enough resources or abilities today to meet their needs (The World Bank)

  5. Poverty measurement • Objective – according to defined poverty threshold • Subjective – people feel to be poor • Direct – observe level of consumption (lower than average) • Indirect – observe income (most studies follow this method) (Čabanová) • Extreme p. – income bellow $2 or $ 1 a day (the World Bank); this measurement method is also used for the purpose of global comparison

  6. Poverty measurement • Relative – lack of resources necessary to permit participation in diets and activities commonly approved by society (Townsend, 1969) • Relative – defined share of people bellow what is perceived as “normal” income: 60% (50%) of median income in a given country – used by UN(Potůček)

  7. Poverty measurement Absolute - the number of people living below a certain income threshold or the number of households unable to afford certain basic goods and services. (http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/poverty/measuring_poverty.htm) Income threshold – official social minimum; minimum consumption basket (Beveridge 1942) Poverty line –the minimum level of income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate standard of living. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line)

  8. People with the biggestprobability to become poor people with mental-health problems people with drug and alcohol problems people who have suffered physical and sexual abuse

  9. Greatest risk of poverty during childhood early parenthood in retirement (unemployment and low pay also contribute towards pensioner poverty)

  10. Poverty and immigration Many immigrants arepoorandhomeless, because they are discriminated against ( in jobs and housing ) Example: France - among homeless people who use homeless services are 50% - 80% of immigrants

  11. Homelessness Limits in participation and in access to their own, safe home Homeless people – “live without a roof above their heads” (on streets, in social or temporary housings…) Homeless people – new immigrants, victims of nature disasters or people with personal disasters (raped as a children, beaten up as a children, bad marriage, lost of loved one, been thrown out of jobs, suffered other kinds of indignities)

  12. Trends in homelessness most homeless people in Europe are single or separated men the fastest-growing segments among the homeless are young, female and part of a family divorce as the main reason for the increasing number of homeless families

  13. Social exclusion and inclusion SID: Social Integrationist Discourse • Social Exclusion as exclusion from labour market/ Importance of work in Integration • Process- and structure perspective, complex view of poverty

  14. EU-Policy-Programs Access to education, infra-structure, health-care, cultural-life Networks between social Institutions - labour market - finance support/ benefits

  15. Preventive Policies financial, income, capital including/access to employment, “Intermediate labour markets” education, qualification, skills, lifelong Learning shared resources, changing the public sector, housing mix social and psychological skills, social networks

  16. Possible Obligation for social inclusion of homeless people self-help projects, street work Respecting the lifestyle of homeless people “soft” integration process

  17. Effects of social benefits as a example of social inclusion policyNumber of poor and socially excluded citizens in EU (in %)

  18. Poverty and social exclusion in the EU HistoryofSocialProtectionandSocialInclusion in EU since 2000 • 2000: TheLisbonEuropeanCouncil • EU leaders established the Social Inclusion Process to make a decisive impact on eradicating poverty by 2010 • Set up The Open Method of Coordination • 2006: Memberstatessubmittednationlreportssettingouttheirstrategy • 2007: Thememerstatesreportswereassessedjointly by theComissionandtheCouncil • 2008: MemeberstateswillsubmitfullNationalReports on StrategiesforsocialProtectionandSocialInclusion • 2010:The European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion • 2011: ThefinalEvaluationresultsshouldbeavailable

  19. 2010:the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion • In all Member States, part of the population is subject to exclusion and deprivation (facing limited access to basic services). • 78 million people in the EU – or 16% of the population – currently live at risk of poverty. • The 2010 EuropeanYear: Its four specific objectives are: 1)people in poverty and social exclusionhave to live in dignity and to play a full part in society 2)Emphasiseeveryone’s responsibility in tackling poverty and marginalisation; 3) A more cohesive society 4) Commitmentofallactors, involve all levels of governance • Solidarity is a hallmark of the European Union.

  20. Main Challenges for the future • The Open Method of Coordination • Firstround • How to continue? • Futurewillfocusedaroundthefollowingthemes: • Childpovertyandintegrationaltransmissionofpoverty • Aninclusivelabour market • Acces to educationandtraining • Genderdimesion on poverty • Acces to basic services • Adressingtheneedsofdisabledpeopleandothervulnerablegroups • Overcomingdiscrimination, promotingtheintegrationofimmigrants, sociallabour market inclusionofethnicminorities

  21. Child poverty: Crucial issue for sustainable development in EU • Childpovertyis a cycle: passing it from generation to generation • Adultshave a choice, childrendoes not • Relativepoverty: Most importantissue • Child poverty costs us all, both financially and socially • Children who grow up poor are more likely to: • leaveschoolwithoutqualifications • haveloweremploymentchances • get a good job and financially contribute to society • Poor children are excluded from participating in society.

  22. Share of citizens of eu at risk of poverty

  23. Poverty and social exclusion in Czech republic • Czechrepublicisoneofthecountrieswithverylowpovertyrate • 8 % ofczechpopulation are undertheborderofpoverty • 8 % od czechpolulation are at risk ofpoverty

  24. Groups at risk of poverty in czech republic

  25. Policies of social inclusion in Czech republic • 3 maingoalsofsocialinclusionpolicies in Czechrepublic: • To reducethepovertyof single womenwithchildren • To access to single parent on labour market • To reducethelong-term unemployment • Adhesionofactivpolicyofemployment • To reducethenumberofrecipientsofsocialbenefits • to regulatesocialbenefitsystem

  26. Reference list Fitzpatrick, S., Kemp, P., Klinker, S. (2004). Bezdomovectví: přehled výsledků výzkumů z Velké Británie. Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Institut zdravotní politiky a ekonomiky. Gola, P: V Evropské unii jsou lidé ohrožení "chudobou„. Dostupné z WWW: http://www.mesec.cz/clanky/v-evropske-unii-jsou-lide-ohrozeni-chudobou/ (cit. 28-3-2008) MPSV: Národní akční plán sociálního začleňování na léta 2006 – 2008 Potůček, M: Poverty as a socialphenomenom. Dostupné z WWW: http://martinpotucek.cz/courses_esp.html cit. (cit. 28-3-2008) TheWorld bank: Measuringpoverty. Dostupné z WWW: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,,contentMDK:20202198~menuPK:435055~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.html TUTOR2U: Measuringpoverty . Dostupné z WWW: http://tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/poverty/measuring_poverty.htm (cit. 28-3-2008) WIKIPEDIA: Povertythreshold. Dostupné z www: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line (cit. 28-3-2008)

  27. Thankyouforyourattention

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