Writing in art, design & architecture

1. Writing in art, design & architecture Welcome! Additional exercises Teacher: Will Sillitoe

2. Basics: sentence types • Simple sentences = independent clause • (a single unit of meaning) • e.g. I study architecture.

3. Basics: Sentence types • Compound sentences = 2 x independent clauses • e.g. I study design. • I enjoy it a lot. • A compound sentence means 2 independent clauses are connected together. How?

4. Basics: Sentence types • Complex sentences = independent clause + 1 or more dependent clauses • e.g. I study design (ind. clause) • which I really like (dependent clause) • because it feels good to create objects (dependent clause) • A dependent clause has no meaning i.e. it makes no sense when apart from the independent clause.

5. Basics: Sentence types • Compound sentences= 2 or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses • e.g. I study design which I like a lot, • but I am looking forward to getting my first job • when I complete my course. • How many independent and dependent clauses • can you find in the sentence?

6. Basic problems: fragments • Type 1 • When you write a dependent clause without an independent clause connected to it. • e.g. I want to be a artist. Because I really like designing objects.

7. Basic problems: fragments • Type 2 • Missing subject and verb • e.g. You can study many subjects at Aalto. For example, art, business, film making and engineering. • What is missing?

8. Basic problems: fragments • Type 3 • Missing subject it • e.g. More and more companies need art and design graduates. Is a really good time to graduate. • Have you ever made this error?

9. Basic problems: fragments • Type 4 • Missing verb • e.g. It not easy to graduate as a designer. • Type 5 • Missing there • e.g. At Aalto are many design students. • There are other types, but these are the main ones for today!

10. Fragments quiz: over to you! • Can you fix the 6 errors in these sentences? • Jai alai is a ball game similar to handball. Was invented by the Basques. Although it began in Europe. Is now popular in Latin America. Particularly in Mexico has many teams. Athletes who play jai alai must be very fit. Because it is a very fast sport. The ball can travel more than 200 kmh. Is the hardest ball in any sport. Because the ball is hard, the walls of the court are made of granite. Just like the original church walls.

11. Fragments quiz: answers 1 • Jai alai is a ball game similar to handball. Was invented by the Basques. Although it began in Europe. Is now popular in Latin America. Particularly in Mexico has many teams. Athletes who play jai alai must be very fit. Because it is a very fast sport. The ball can travel more than 200 kmh. Is the hardest ball in any sport. Because the ball is hard the, walls of the court are made of granite. Just like the original church walls.

12. Fragments quiz: answers 2 • Jai alai is a ball game similar to handball. It was invented by the Basques. Although it began in Europe it is now popular in Latin America. Particularly in Mexico there are many teams. Athletes who play jai alai must be very fit because it is a very fast sport. The ball can travel more than 200 kmh. It is the hardest ball in any sport. Because the ball is hard the, walls of the court are made of granite just like the original church walls.

13. Basic problems: run-on sentences • Run together sentences • When you connect two independent sentences but, • a. without a conjunction = WRONG • b. use a comma to join them =WRONG • e.g. Anna is an design student she has a part-time job. • OR • Anna is a design student, she has a part-time job. • How should you connect these?

14. Run-on sentence quiz • Find the 3 run-on errors. • Teaching good behaviour is an important job of parents, schools also share this responsibility. Some cultures hit children who misbehave in other cultures they exclude them from the family. In the UK teachers may not hit children physical punishment is against the law.

15. Run-on quiz: answers • Teaching good behaviour is an important job of parents, schools also share this responsibility. Some cultures hit children who misbehave in other cultures they exclude them from the family. In the UK teachers may not hit children physical punishment is against the law. • There is more than one way to fix these problems. How did you fix them?

16. Choppy writing • This is where your sentences are short and do not connect smoothly to other sentences. • I am an art student at Aalto. In my spare time I play football. My ambition is to work abroad. I would like to work in Finland first before this. My English is quite good. I work hard to improve. I know finding a job can be difficult. I am optimistic about the future.

17. Choppy writing • To improve, you need to balance the sentences. • Co-ordinate equal sentences • e.g and/when • Subordinate unequal sentences • e.g. but/however • Improve the text by creating links that balance the ideas. • .

18. Choppy writing • I am an art student at Aalto. In my spare time I play football. My ambition is to work abroad. I would like to work in Finland first before this. My English is quite good. I work hard to improve. I know finding a job can be difficult. I am optimistic about the future. • So, how did you balance these and make nicer connections?

19. Word Order • This is the normal order in an English sentence: • Subject / verb / object / place / time • We watched a film at home last night • DON'T • a. put something between a verb and object • we watched at home last night a film x • b. put place before time • we watched a film last night at home

20. More on word order • Many verbs have a direct and indirect object • Direct object (do)-the receiver of the verb's action (do) • Indirect object (io)-who or for whom the action is done • e.g. The car dealer sold me a car that doesn't work • Which is the (do) and (io) in this sentence?

21. Word Order • RULE: • The indirect object comes in front of the direct object !

22. Word Order • If you replace the indirect object with a prepositional phrase (pp), put it after the direct object. • e.g the car dealer promised to fix the car for me. • NOT, • the car dealer promised to me to fix the car

23. Word order quiz – are these correct? • a. I often give homeless people a few euros • b. the teacher said, 'thank you' to him. • c. every night the mother reads to the children a story before they go to sleep. • d. the polite student opened for the teacher the door to the classroom.

24. Word order quiz answers • a. I often give homeless people a few euros • io do • b. the teacher said, 'thank you' to him. • Io do • c. every night the mother reads a story to the children before they go to sleep. • d. the polite student opened the door to the classroom for the teacher.